Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the field of emission control equipment for boilers, heaters, kilns, or other flue gas-, or combustion gas-, generating devices (e.g., those located at power plants, processing plants, etc.) and, in particular to a new and useful method and apparatus directed to one or more of: (i) reducing the levels of NOx from one or more types of combustors, furnaces or boilers; (ii) reducing the levels of NOx from one or more types of biomass combustors, furnaces or boilers; or (iii) reducing the levels of NOx from one or more types of fluidized bed biomass combustors, furnaces or boilers. In one embodiment, the method and apparatus of the present invention permit the use of a less complex and/or expensive system to accomplish selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and enable one to achieve DeNOx (NOx reduction) under low load or unit turndown operation for biomass combustion in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) boiler.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to fluidized-bed boilers and methods for controlling bed agglomeration that can occur when biomass containing high amounts of phosphorus is used as fuel. Iron-containing compounds, such as iron oxide, are added to the fluidized bed to tie up the phosphorus in a form that will not react under typical operating conditions for fluidized-bed boilers.

Abstract: Material handling systems for fluids are disclosed herein. The fluid may be a liquid, solution, slurry, or emulsion. The systems receive as inputs the fluid, steam, and water. These feed into a surge tank where additives can be introduced. The steam and water are used to control some physical properties and enable the distribution of the fluid as desired. In particular embodiments, the system is useful for handling materials to be sent to a dual-phase fuel feeder for combustion in a fluidized-bed boiler, the energy being used to generate electricity or in various production processes.

Abstract: Energy is generated from cellulosic biofuel waste streams, specifically a lignin filter cake and a waste syrup, by combusting these waste products in a fluidized bed combustor under specified conditions. The heat and steam generated can be used to generate electricity and/or in cellulosic biofuel production processes.

Abstract: Energy is generated from cellulosic biofuel waste streams, specifically a lignin filter cake and a waste syrup, by combusting these waste products in a fluidized bed combustor under specified conditions. The heat and steam generated can be used to generate electricity and/or in cellulosic biofuel production processes.

Abstract: Material handling systems for fluids are disclosed herein. The fluid may be a liquid, solution, slurry, or emulsion. The systems receive as inputs the fluid, steam, and water. These feed into a surge tank where additives can be introduced. The steam and water are used to control some physical properties and enable the distribution of the fluid as desired. In particular embodiments, the system is useful for handling materials to be sent to a dual-phase fuel feeder for combustion in a fluidized-bed boiler, the energy being used to generate electricity or in various production processes.

Abstract: A dual phase fuel feeder is disclosed that can be used to provide both solid fuels and liquid fuels to a boiler, such as a fluidized bed boiler. The fuel feeder includes a sloped chute which defines a solid feedpath. Gas distribution nozzles are located at the base of the fuel feeder, and secondary nozzles are located so as to be able to distribute a liquid or particulate fuel into the solid feedpath. This permits the liquid fuel to contact the solid fuel and be carried into the fluidized bed instead of becoming suspended above the bed.

Abstract: A dual phase fuel feeder is disclosed that can be used to provide both solid fuels and liquid fuels to a boiler, such as a fluidized bed boiler. The fuel feeder includes a sloped chute which defines a solid feedpath. Gas distribution nozzles are located at the base of the fuel feeder, and secondary nozzles are located so as to be able to distribute a liquid or particulate fuel into the solid feedpath. This permits the liquid fuel to contact the solid fuel and be carried into the fluidized bed instead of becoming suspended above the bed.

Abstract: A flue gas passage arrangement for a steam generator which permits adjustment of the heat transfer effectiveness of a final bank of heat exchanger surface to control a temperature of the flue gas flowing through and exiting from the flue gas passage and conveyed to a downstream NOx reduction device having a minimum operating temperature. The NOx reduction device is advantageously an SCR. Economizer heating surface is located within the flue gas passage, and a baffle plate extends through the flue gas passage and creates two flue gas paths there through. The economizer heating surface may be a single, common bank having a section located in both gas paths, or in only one gas path. Alternatively, two separate banks of economizer heating surface may be employed. A variable position damper is provided in one gas path, either below or above one section.

Abstract: A flue gas passage arrangement for a steam generator which permits adjustment of the heat transfer effectiveness of a final bank of heat exchanger surface to control a temperature of the flue gas flowing through and exiting from the flue gas passage and conveyed to a downstream NOx reduction device having a minimum operating temperature. The NOx reduction device is advantageously an SCR. Economizer heating surface is located within the flue gas passage, and a baffle plate extends through the flue gas passage and creates two flue gas paths there through. The economizer heating surface may be a single, common bank having a section located in both gas paths, or in only one gas path. Alternatively, two separate banks of economizer heating surface may be employed. A variable position damper is provided in one gas path, either below or above one section.