Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting a plume of a first fluid in a second fluid using an acoustic wave are provided, where the first fluid has a different acoustic index of refraction than the second fluid. A horizontal array having a plurality of receiving elements receives an acoustic signal propagated through the second fluid and at least one refracted signal refracted by the first fluid. The acoustic signal and the at least one refracted signal form a received signal. An interference pattern is detected from the received signal over the plurality of receiving elements. The interference pattern is due to interference between the acoustic signal and the at least one refracted signal. A horizontal angle of refraction is determined between the acoustic signal and the at least one refracted signal from the interference pattern. The horizontal angle of refraction is indicative of a physical characteristic of the first fluid.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting a plume of a first fluid in a second fluid using an acoustic wave are provided, where the first fluid has a different acoustic index of refraction than the second fluid. A horizontal array having a plurality of receiving elements receives an acoustic signal propagated through the second fluid and at least one refracted signal refracted by the first fluid. The acoustic signal and the at least one refracted signal form a received signal. An interference pattern is detected from the received signal over the plurality of receiving elements. The interference pattern is due to interference between the acoustic signal and the at least one refracted signal. A horizontal angle of refraction is determined between the acoustic signal and the at least one refracted signal from the interference pattern. The horizontal angle of refraction is indicative of a physical characteristic of the first fluid.

Abstract: An improved polyurethane-based water-in-water multicolor paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase which is characterized by disperse phase bodies of improved durability. The disperse phase preferably is comprised of a water dispersible, inert film-forming, crosslinkable polymer system; hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; alkali metal carboxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; quaternized water soluble cellulose ether; peptized clay; inorganic salt of heavy or trivalent metal; and water. The continuous phase preferably is comprised of such a crosslinkable polymer system, a peptized clay and water. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: An improved polyurethane-based water-in-water multicolor paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase which is characterized by an accelerated capacity to transfer from an applicator surface to a substrate surface during paint application. The disperse phase preferably is comprised of a water dispersible, inert film-forming, crosslinkable, polyurethane polymer system; hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; quaternized water soluble cellulose ether; peptized clay and water. The continuous phase preferably is comprised of such a polyurethane polymer system, a water soluble, film-forming, crosslinkable, pressure-responsive contact adhesive, a peptized clay and water. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: An improved polyurethane-based water-in-water multicolor paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase which is characterized by an accelerated capacity to transfer from an applicator surface to a substrate surface during paint application. The disperse phase preferably is comprised of a water dispersible, inert film-forming, crosslinkable, polyurethane polymer system; hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; quaternized water soluble cellulose ether; peptized clay and water. The continuous phase preferably is comprised of such a polyurethane polymer system, a water soluble, film-forming, crosslinkable, pressure-responsive contact adhesive, a peptized clay and water. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: A polyurethane-based water-in-water multicolor paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase. The disperse phase contains a water dispersible, film-forming, crosslinkable, polymer system selected from among a polyurethane polymer system, a carboxylated polymer system, and mixtures thereof; as well as hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose, quaternized water soluble cellulose ether, peptized clay, and water. The continuous phase preferably is comprised of a polyurethane polymer system, a peptized clay and water. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: A polyurethane-based water-in-water multicolor paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase. The disperse phrase preferably is comprised of a water dispersible, film-forming, crosslinkable, polyurethane polymer system; hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; quaternized water soluble cellulose ether; peptized clay; and water. The continuous phase preferably is comprised of such a polyurethane polymer system, a peptized clay and water. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: A water-in-water multicolored paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase. The disperse phase preferably is comprised of water dispersable, film-forming, crosslinkable, carboxylated polymer; crosslinking agent; hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; quaternized water soluble cellulose ether; peptized clay; and water. The continuous phase preferably is comprised of a water dispersable, crosslinkable, carboxylated polymer or copolymer, a peptized clay and water. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: A water-in-liquid hydrocarbon multicolored paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase. The disperse phase preferably is comprised of water soluble, film-forming, crosslinkable, carboxylated polymer; crosslinking agent; hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; cationic quaternized water soluble cellulose ether; peptized clay and water. The continuous phase preferably is a hydrocarbon composition containing film-forming polymer, wax and thickener. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: A water-in-water multicolored paint composition is provided having a disperse phase and a continuous phase. The disperse phase preferably is comprised of water soluble, film-forming, crosslinkable, carboxylated polymer; crosslinking agent; hydroxy (lower alkyl) cellulose; cationic quaternized water soluble cellulose ether; peptized clay; and water. The continuous phase preferably is comprised of a gel of peptized clay and water. Methods for preparing the paint are also provided.

Abstract: Variable focus in a sonar system of the time delay beamformer type using a onvexly curved electroacoustic array is achieved by changing the operating frequency.

Abstract: A method of producing a vanadium-based metal hydride which comprises reacting hydrogen gas at a temperature between about 0.degree. and 100.degree. C. with a vanadium-based binary solid solution alloy having a body-centered cubic structure and having a formula V.sub.1-x M.sub.x, wherein M is a metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, chromium, cobalt, iron, nickel and mixtures thereof and wherein x varies from at least about 2 atom percent up to the solubility limit of cobalt, iron and nickel and up to about 20 mol % of manganese and up to about 40 mol % of chromium in said solid solution alloy is disclosed.