Abstract: A noise-shaping time-to-digital converter has a large range and high resolution. The time-to-digital converter includes a phase detector configured to generate a phase error signal based on a phase-adjusted feedback signal and an input signal. The time-to-digital converter includes a loop filter configured to integrate the phase error signal and generate an analog integrated phase error signal. The time-to-digital converter includes an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert the analog integrated phase error signal to a digital phase error code. The time-to-digital converter includes a digital-to-time converter configured to convert at least a portion of the digital phase error code to a gating signal based on a reference signal and an enable signal. The time-to-digital converter includes a feedback circuit to generate the phase-adjusted feedback signal based on the reference signal and the gating signal.

Abstract: The impedance of the elements of a capacitor array in the transmitter is kept substantially constant over changes in process, temperature, and supply voltage. The impedance is maintained substantially constant by compensating a gate voltage supplied to switches in each element of the capacitor array to adjust for changes in temperature and supply voltage to thereby maintain a substantially constant RC product for each unit element in the capacitor array and thereby improve the quality factor of the capacitor array.

Abstract: The impedance of the elements of a capacitor array in the transmitter is kept substantially constant over changes in process, temperature, and supply voltage. The impedance is maintained substantially constant by compensating a gate voltage supplied to switches in each element of the capacitor array to adjust for changes in temperature and supply voltage to thereby maintain a substantially constant RC product for each unit element in the capacitor array and thereby improve the quality factor of the capacitor array.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for vector quantization operates on binary signal vectors. Each signal vector contains a plurality of sample elements of a signal to be compressed. Each of the signal vectors is hashed to generate a value identifying one of at least three different subsets of code words collectively constituting a set of binary code words. Each code word is equal in length to the length of each of the signal vectors and has associated with it a unique binary code of a lesser length. The vector quantizer performs a distortion comparison search through the code words of the selected subset to identify the one code word and its uniquely associated code which has the least distortion of all of the code words of the one subset with respect to the hashed signal vector. That one code is outputted to represent the hashed signal vector. The subsets may be mutually exclusive and include a plurality of code words.

Abstract: A hydrometer for determination of immunoglobulin content of mare colostrum comprises a container having a top wall, side walls and an open bottom. An elongate, emergent stem is carried by and projects from the top wall, and the stem is provided with a scale along its length to indicate the specimen specific gravity when the device is immersed in water. A partition wall for the container is positioned between the top wall and the open bottom dividing the container into an upper air chamber and a lower specimen chamber. A removable closure member is used for the open bottom of the container. The closure member is sized to adjust the specimen chamber to a predetermined volume when fully inserted in the open bottom of the container. A bleed vent contained in the side wall of the closure member, allows excess specimen and air bubbles to escape.