Abstract: Non-peptide GnRH agents capable of inhibiting the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone are described. Such compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, multimers, prodrugs, and active metabolites are suitable for treating mammalian reproductive disorders and steroid hormone-dependent tumors as well as for regulating fertility, where suppression of gonadotropin release is indicated. Methods for synthesizing the compounds and intermediates useful in their preparation are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of insert bits (10) for use with powered screwdrivers. The formed bits (10) may be treated to have a desired microstructure by either an austempering process or by the three step heating, quenching, tempering process. The bits (10) may also be electro-polished. Austempering provides for improved function and increased fatigue life and electro-polishing provides for improved function and increased fatigue life and torque capacity. The bits (10) and may have reduced diameter midportions (30), particularly for use with impact drivers.