Abstract: A nanostructure comprising a first structure comprising conductive material, which is attached to a second structure comprising one or more portions of conductive material separated by insulator material, which is attached to a third structure comprising a material in which a change can be effected. The third structure may comprise a dielectric or ferroelectric material, and the change effected in the material may be polarization of the material. The nanostructure may comprise one or more nanocapacitors, each of which comprises a part of the third structure in which a change comprising polarization may be effected. The nanocapacitors may be used to store data.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the production of a photonic device comprising providing a substrate, forming in the substrate substantially straight pores, lining or filling the pores with a material having voltage-dependent index of refraction, and removing part but not all of the substrate materials so that an array remains of tubes or rods of material having voltage-dependent index of refraction. In a variant of the method the deposited material is piezoelectric and the substrate is completely removed, resulting in piezoelectric tubes or rods of small diameter, generally below 10 ?m.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (Ia) are found to be active in inhibiting replication of flaviviridae viruses (Ia), wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and represent hydrogen, halogen, -L-O—R3, -L-O-L-A or -L-O-L?-A?, wherein each L is the same or different and represents a direct bond or a C1-C4 alkylene group; L? represents a direct bond or a C2-C4 alkylene group; R3 represents hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 haloalkyl; A represents a 5- to 10-membered heterocyclyl group; and A? represents a C6-C1 aryl group; wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is -L-O—R3, -L-O-L-A or -L-O-L?-A?.

Abstract: A compound which is a biphenyl derivative of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein: R1 is a C1-C6 alkyl group or a moiety -A1, -L1-A1, -A1-A1?, -L1-A1-A1?, -A1-L1-A1?, -A1-Y1-A1?, -A1-Het1-A1?, -L1-A1-Y1-A1?, -L1-A1-Het1-A1?, -L1-Het1-A1, -L1-Y1-A1, -L1-Y1-Het1-A1, -L1-Het1-Y1-A1, -L1-Y1-Het1-L1?, -A1-Y1-Het1-A1?, -A1-Het1-Y1-A1?, -A1-Het1-L1-A1?, -A1-L1-Het1-A1? or -L1-Het1-L1?; -A and B are the same or different and each represent a direct bond or a —CO—NR?—, —NR?—CO—, —NR?—CO2—, —CO—, —NR?—CO—NR?—, —NR?—S(O)2—, —S(O)2—NR?—, —SO2—, —NR?—, —NR?—CO—CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —(C1-C2 alkylene)-NR?— or —(C1-C2 hydroxyalkylene)-NR?-moiety, wherein R? and R? are the same or different and each represent hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl; —R2 and R3 are the same or different and each represent C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 haloalkyl, C1-C4 haloalkoxy or halogen; n and m are the same or different and each represent 0 or 1; R4 is a C1-C6 alkyl group or a moiety -A4, -L4-A4, -A4-A4?, -L4-A4-A4?, -A4-L4

Abstract: In situ treatment of contaminated groundwater includes identifying a site contaminated with a pollutant susceptible to degradation by in situ, sulfate-reducing microorganisms. An amount of sulfate needed to support metabolization of the contaminants is estimated. The estimated amount of sulfate is applied to the site. In various alternatives of embodiments of the invention, the sulfate may be applied is a dry state or as a solution with water. The sulfate concentration in solution is in excess of 1000 ppm and may be as high as a near-saturation concentration.

Abstract: Calibration of an assay by converting an analyzer's normal signal response through an arithmetic function prior to performing the curve fit, thereby improving the accuracy of the curve fit in a region of greatest diagnostic interest.

Abstract: A testing and validating software program on a host computer is provided having a graphical user interface program, an engine communicating with a target device and responding to command from the graphical user interface, a plurality of test suites having at least one test for testing and validating at least one component of an operating system, and a protocol acknowledgment software package conducive to use with the target device, wherein the protocol acknowledgment software package uses an operating system-generated event handle as a member field of a protocol for releasing an execution thread which is waiting for an acknowledgment message from the target device, and wherein the event handle is placed in a header portion of an acknowledgment message packet and is sent back in the acknowledgment message, and wherein a receiving thread unblocks any send threads of execution which are waiting for the event handle in the acknowledgment message.

Abstract: A solid-steel anvil of symmetrical configuration, having a top head, depending intermediate web and a base, and with the anvil being of light weight that a person can manipulatively grasp the anvil's top head with one hand to easily carry the anvil with his grasping hand, is produced by the method of providing a rectilinear elongated section, appropriately disposing the elongated section preparatory to successive cross-cuttings of the section, and cross-cutting successive lengths from the section to thereby provide a plurality of separate anvils.

Abstract: A solid-steel anvil of symmetrical configuration, having a top head, depending intermediate web and a base, and with the anvil being of light weight that a person can manipulatively grasp the anvil's top head with one hand to easily carry the anvil with his grasping hand, is produced by the method of providing a rectilinear elongated section, appropriately disposing the elongated section preparatory to successive cross-cuttings of the section, and cross-cutting successive lengths from the section to thereby provide a plurality of separate anvils.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tuneable fringe effect capacitor for conducting radio frequency energy. The capacitor includes a thin film of ferroelectric material, a pair of films of a conductive material deposited on the ferroelectric film with a gap between the films, and a substrate for the ferroelectric material and the conductive films. The capacitance value across the gap is varied by applying a voltage to the ferroelectric material and thereby altering the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric material.