Abstract: An electronic device can include a housing defining an aperture, and an electromagnetic radiation emitter and an electromagnetic radiation detector disposed in the housing. An optical component can be disposed in the aperture and can include a first region of a first material having a first index of refraction, the first region aligned with the electromagnetic radiation emitter, a second region of the first material, the second region aligned with the electromagnetic radiation detector, and a bulk region surrounding a periphery of the first region and a periphery of the second region, the bulk region including a second material having a second index of refraction that is lower than the first index of refraction.

Abstract: An electronic device can include a housing defining an aperture, and an electromagnetic radiation emitter and an electromagnetic radiation detector disposed in the housing. An optical component can be disposed in the aperture and can include a first region of a first material having a first index of refraction, the first region aligned with the electromagnetic radiation emitter, a second region of the first material, the second region aligned with the electromagnetic radiation detector, and a bulk region surrounding a periphery of the first region and a periphery of the second region, the bulk region including a second material having a second index of refraction that is lower than the first index of refraction.

Abstract: An indoor growing environment for growing plants wherein due to the nature of the growing conditions the area is wet. If a high voltage device is in the growing environment near the water ground-fault protection is needed.

Abstract: An HVAC system used in a growing room to grow plants, including lighting and other heat producing pieces of equipment, wherein operating parameters are modified over time in response to and anticipation of changes in heat production by the lighting and other heat-producing pieces of equipment and moisture production from the plants and plant growing systems located in or near the growing room. The operating parameters of the system are modified during the growth cycle of the plants to provide environmental conditions appropriate to each phase of the plant growth. Additionally, the system comprises components carrying a load such that energy use can be reduced during times when less than maximum load is required. Algorithms and tables to control airflow, heating, cooling, dehumidification, and chemical composition of the air are included to maximize plant growth. CO2 and other byproducts of heating, cooling, and cogeneration are recycled for use in connection with plant growth.

Abstract: An LED lighting system for use in an indoor growing system. The lighting system includes a lighting tray having a tube containing a printed circuit board therein. The circuit board has blue and red LED lights. The LEDs draw power and at least one of the LEDs draws power of less than 1 Watts and may draw less than ½ Watt. The dispersion angle of the LEDs is less than 40° degrees and may be less than 30° degrees. The heat-sinking capabilities of a standard circuit board are sufficient without special metalized layers or external heat sinks. Additionally, conversion to low voltage power is achieved remotely in an area away from the lights. In the lighting system, the ratio of red to blue LEDs is 15-24% red to 76-85% blue.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high growth, high density, closed environment growing system and methods thereof. A method of accelerating plant cell growth in a growing system may include adjusting the lighting in accordance with an identified plant growth stage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high growth, high density, closed environment growing system and methods thereof. A method of accelerating plant cell growth in a growing system may include adjusting the lighting in accordance with an identified plant growth stage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high growth, high density, closed environment growing system and methods thereof. A method of accelerating plant cell growth in a growing system may include adjusting the lighting in accordance with an identified plant growth stage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high growth, high density, closed environment growing system and methods thereof. A method of accelerating plant cell growth in a growing system may include adjusting the lighting in accordance with an identified plant growth stage.

Abstract: A liquid draining structure can pass a liquid from a first side of a barrier to a second side of the barrier. The liquid draining structure can include a liquid conductor, including an entry end located at the barrier first side and a discharge end located at the barrier second side. The liquid conductor can define a passageway that extends through the liquid conductor. The liquid draining structure also can include a securing member releasably attachable to the liquid conductor at any one of a plurality of positions. The securing member can engage the barrier, preventing the movement of the liquid conductor. The securing member can be attached to the second side of the barrier. The liquid draining structure can include a flange secured at the entry end of the liquid conductor and engaging the first side of the barrier, preventing the movement of the liquid conductor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a high growth, high density, closed environment growing system and methods thereof. A method of accelerating plant cell growth in a growing system may include adjusting the lighting in accordance with an identified plant growth stage.

Abstract: A modular drain for receiving drainage liquid with a polygonal upper portion and a lower portion. The upper portion has a substantially lateral surface, a first vertical surface and a second vertical surface that define an upper cavity, the substantially lateral surface having a plurality of openings thereon. The lower portion is joined to the upper portion, the lower portion including a substantially semi-circular surface sized to receive a tube section of a connector therein. In one embodiment, at least one of the first vertical surface and the second vertical surface includes a retention mechanism that is sized and positioned to retain the tube section in the lower portion. In another embodiment, the vertical surfaces are provided with interlocking interfaces.

Abstract: A modular drain for receiving drainage liquid with a polygonal upper portion and a lower portion. The upper portion has a substantially lateral surface, a first vertical surface and a second vertical surface that define an upper cavity, the substantially lateral surface having a plurality of openings thereon. The lower portion is joined to the upper portion, the lower portion including a substantially semi-circular surface sized to receive a tube section of a connector therein. In one embodiment, at least one of the first vertical surface and the second vertical surface includes a retention mechanism that is sized and positioned to retain the tube section in the lower portion. In another embodiment, the vertical surfaces are provided with interlocking interfaces.

Abstract: An improvement to a stair module support system includes a flexible engagement between a post and a channel attached to the underside of a stair module. The flexible engagement enables the stair module support system to be assembled and placed into a stored configuration with each post received by a corresponding channel. The system may then be shipped to an installation site where the posts may be rotated to a deployed position without requiring further assembly or tools.

Abstract: A modular trench drainage system for placement in a trench of a natural surface or pavement. The system includes a base conduit, a grate cover pivotably secured to the base conduit for covering the base member, a coupling mechanism for pivotably securing the grate cover to the base conduit, an alignment mechanism for aligning the grate cover with respect to the base conduit when the grate cover is placed in a closed position over the base conduit, and a locking mechanism for locking the grate cover to the base conduit.

Abstract: A modular trench drainage system for placement in a trench of a natural surface or pavement. The system includes a base conduit, a grate cover pivotably secured to the base conduit for covering the base member, a coupling mechanism for pivotably securing the grate cover to the base conduit, an alignment mechanism for aligning the grate cover with respect to the base conduit when the grate cover is placed in a closed position over the base conduit, and a locking mechanism for locking the grate cover to the base conduit.

Abstract: To locate wireline tools in wellbores using collarless or butt joint casing, a magnetic marker is applied at selected positions on the casing before or after placing the casing in a well, such marker being capable of being located by a conventional casing collar locator. Apparatus to apply the marker is also shown.

Abstract: A method of repairing a water-cooled electrode holder for use in electric furnaces, of the type comprising a base and a bowl secured to the base for encompassing and supporting a vertical cylindrical electrode. Such holders suffer deterioration in the region of the inner surface of the bowl which is opposite the base. According to the invention, the outer semi-cylindrical portion of the bowl is cut off on a substantially diametral plane and replaced by a new portion. The new portion is formed from a flat slab of copper. To make the water passageways in the new portion match those in the old, a pattern of the locations of the passageways in the old portion is made and transferred to one end of the slab. The slab is then drilled lengthwise at the locations transferred from the pattern, and the holes are filled with sand and plugged. The slab is then bent to U-shape to comprise a semi-cylindrical portion having two straight ends thereon.

Abstract: A water-cooled electrode holder for use in electric furnaces, comprising a base and a bowl secured to the base for encompassing and supporting a vertical cylindrical electrode, is formed by rolling from a thick copper sheet which has first been drilled with a plurality of intersecting deep holes. The plate is drilled when flat and then bent to horseshoe configuration, the holes being filld with sand to keep their shape during bending. Plugs are then inserted to block the intersections of certain of the holes but to leave a single circuitous passageway through the bowl, for the passage of cooling water.

Abstract: A water-cooled electrode holder for use in electric furnaces, comprises a base and a bowl secured to the base for encompassing and supporting a vertical cylindrical electrode. The bowl is formed by rolling from a thick copper sheet which has first been drilled with a plurality of intersecting deep holes. The plate is drilled when flat and then bent to horseshoe configuration, the holes being filled with sand to keep their shape during bending. Plugs are then inserted to block the intersections of certain of the holes but to leave a single circuitous passageway through the bowl, for the passage of cooling water.