Abstract: A remote sensing device is provided to detect the emissions of passing vehicles. Preferably, the device detects the emissions of individual vehicles traveling on a roadway of more than one traffic lane. The remote sensing device may preferably detect the emissions due to an individual vehicle in situations where more than one vehicle is present. The device is capable of determining which sensed emission data corresponds to which vehicle exhaust plume.

Abstract: A remote emissions sensing system and method for sensing exhaust emissions from motor vehicles is provided where the system determines the opacity of an exhaust plume. The system comprises a radiation source that emits radiation which is passed through the exhaust plume of a motor vehicle to one or more detectors arranged to receive the radiation. A processor calculates the difference between the intensity of source radiation and the intensity of the radiation received by the detectors in first and second detection bands. The intensity difference in the second detection band measures exhaust opacity. If the exhaust opacity exceeds a predetermined level, the emissions data from other detection bands may be flagged as suspect or discarded. Alternatively, for a diesel powered vehicle, the exhaust opacity determination can be validated by a measurement of carbon monoxide in the exhaust plume.

Abstract: A dual blade garden hoe includes a head and a handle. The head has a longitudinal base to which two blades are mounted, the blades have cutting edges and being mounted so that the cutting edges are distal from the base. The base orients the blades so that when the cutting edges of the blades are in contact with a working surface, each blade extends upwardly from the working surface at an acute angle. The handle is mounted to the base and oriented at an acute angle to the working surface when the cutting edges are in contact with the working surface.

Abstract: Apparatus for obtaining the speed and acceleration of a motor vehicle in which the speed and acceleration are used in combination with exhaust emissions data obtained from the motor vehicle to analyze information about the pollutants being dispersed into the air by the motor vehicle. The apparatus includes a first radiation source producing a visible laser beam received by a first detector and a second radiation source producing a visible laser beam received by a second detector. The first and second radiation sources are arranged along the roadway with a known spacing and at a height so that the visible laser beams are interrupted by the front and rear wheels of the motor vehicle as it passes along the roadway. The detectors provide output pulses indicating whether the visible laser beams are interrupted and the time of the occurrence of each of the pulses is measured and recorded. An analyzer then calculates the speed and acceleration from the known spacing distance and the stored time measurements.

Abstract: A mechanical optical system scans a light beam that has passed through an automobile exhaust plume onto a plurality of detectors by using fiber optic tubes in an array that is mounted close to a rotating mirror. First ends of the fiber optic tubes are in an array adjacent the mirror and second ends of the fiber optic tubes feed the scanned light beam onto respective detectors that detect various gaseous components in the vehicle exhaust. Using the fiber optic tubes eliminates the need for secondary mirrors and reduces the requirement for highly accurate optical alignment among the components of the system.

Abstract: The invention consists of a panel having an area that is substantially the same dimension as the tail gate on a pickup truck cargo body. The panel is suspended from a track mounted on the body side rails, and through a wheel assembly rides the length of the truck bed. Cut out areas allow the panel to move past the wheel wells and doors attached to the panel are adapted to close off the cut out areas when not obstructed by the wheel wells. Locking bolts on each side engage slots in the side rails and slots in a floor mounted track. A single handle on each side controls the movement of the vertical and horizontal locking bolts.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting and measuring relative concentrations of pollutants such as HC, CO and CO.sub.2 in the exhaust emissions from passing vehicles includes an infrared (IR) beam source for directing an IR beam through a vehicle's exhaust plume and a detector disposed on one side of a roadway and a lateral transfer mirror (LTM) disposed on the other side of the roadway for lateral reflecting of the IR beam back through the vehicle's exhaust plume and onto the detector. The LTM allows for close spacing and precise alignment between the emitted and reflected beam paths and permits the IR beam source and detector to be disposed in a single module. Compensation for variation in a range of vehicle operating conditions is provided by adjustable, computer-controlled potentiometers, while audio and/or visible light feedback of the detected IR signal allows a single operator to precisely align the optical components of the apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting and measuring relative concentrations of pollutants such as HC, CO and CO.sub.2 in the exhaust emissions from passing vehicles includes an infrared (IR) beam source for directing an IR beam through a vehicle's exhaust plume and a detector disposed on one side of a roadway and a lateral transfer mirror (LTM) disposed on the other side of the roadway for lateral reflecting of the IR beam back through the vehicle's exhaust plume and onto the detector. The LTM allows for close spacing and precise alignment between the emitted and reflected beam paths and permits the IR beam source and detector to be disposed in a single module. Compensation for variation in a range of vehicle operating conditions is provided by adjustable, computer-controlled potentiometers, while audio and/or visible light feedback of the detected IR signal allows a single operator to precisely align the optical components of the apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a three dimensional before stack depth migration of two dimensional or three dimensional seismic data. Ray tracing is used to move before stack trace segments to their approximate three dimensional position. The trace segments are scaled to depth, binned, stacked and compared to the model. The model can then be changed to match the depth trace segments which will be stacked better, moved closer to their correct three dimensional position and will compare better to the model.

Abstract: A connection for quickly mounting and removing wheels from a trailer, without removing or replacing lug nuts. The wheel assembly includes a non-rotating shaft or axle which serves as its journal. This journal is inserted and received snugly within a sleeve rigidly secured to the frame of the trailer, and pin and other connecting elements are added to prevent relative rotation and axial movement between journal and sleeve. Various embodiments are disclosed, including a simple pin dropped into aligned transverse openings in the two members and interfitting members on journal and sleeve which halt inward movement of the journal and its rotation, such as an axial pin and hole, radial slot and key, and touching flat surfaces on the two members.

Abstract: An engine analyzer includes an A/D converter for sampling analog data from an engine under test and developing digital data consisting of 11 magnitude bits and a sign bit. Four flag bits are added to make a digital word of sixteen bits with the four added bits being equal to the sign bit. Flags are set by making their bit value opposite to that of the sign bit. The sixteen bit words are stored in a RAM memory and the presence of the flags enables ready identification and retrieval of the data.

Abstract: An IBM-compatible computer based engine analyzer includes a RAM memory in a ROM cartridge location. A data acquisition system operates substantially independently of the system microprocessor to acquire engine test signals, convert them to digital form and store them via a register in the RAM memory. The system microprocessor has access to the RAM memory via a buffer for reading and changing the data therein. Control logic regulates access to the RAM memory by the A/D converter and the system microprocessor by controlling operation of the register and the buffer.

Abstract: A game ball setting apparatus is described for mounting a game ball support to a support structure for selective elevational adjustment. In the preferred form, a base frame is provided that will releasably attach to the support structure, and a ball support frame is removably attachable to the base frame. An adjustment mechanism is provided on the base frame that facilitates selective elevational adjustment of the ball support frame from a user support platform on the support structure. Mounting mechanisms are also provided on the base frame in the preferred form that facilitate mounting and dismounting of the base frame and ball support frame to the support structure.

Abstract: A firearm including a basic action system having differential recoil, blow-back operation with moving barrel and a firing mechanism for use in conjunction with the basic action system of the invention or any other type of system operable to fire from a closed-bolt position and an open-bolt position. The basic action system utilizes a single spring which positively positions the bolt and barrel for semi-automatic, closed-bolt firing, while also providing the necessary spring and positioning action for open-bolt, differential recoil, blow-back operation. The firing mechanism of the invention provides for semi-automatic fire from the closed-bolt position, and for full automatic fire from the open bolt position, with a selector to permit selection by the gunner.

Abstract: A box magazine for use in conjunction with a semiautomatic or an automatic firearm comprising a storage zone (S) for storing cartridges in a three column array, a compression zone (C) for compressing the three column array into a two column array, and a feed zone (F) for storing the two column array in a two-position feed arrangement enabling the ramming mechanism of the firearm to sequentially ram successive cartridges to the firing chamber of the firearm. The magazine comprises a spring loaded follower having an integral design for pushing the array of cartridges upward within the magazine.

Abstract: A building construction system uses a mold set up at a construction site so that the external part of the mold is spaced clear of the internal part. Building elements including those which are functional in the construction operation are arranged around the internal mold part. Such functional elements include connecting rod anchorages around the lower region of the mold, and the like. The external mold part is moved into position near the internal mold part, and the mold is filled to form a casting. A lifting frame is arranged over the mold and adjustably connected to the connecting rods. Then the external mold part is moved away to release the casting, and the frame is lifted to raise the casting up over the mold for movement to a building site near the construction site.

Abstract: 1.

Abstract: A stable automatic or semi-automatic firearm having a differential recoil system in which an open bolt has a designed mass and closing velocity to impact and drive a reciprocating barrel forwardly without rebound and remain locked to the barrel during the period when there is high firing pressure in the barrel. Since the bolt supports the cartridge during the time of high pressure, the cartridge is prevented from prematurely being extracted and rupturing; and since recoil momentum is utilized in arresting and returning the bolt, stability of the firearm is improved.