Abstract: For each channel in a parallel channel optical array, a diffractive optical arrangement (DOA) includes an input region that is configured to pass a first portion of an input beam to an output region for data transmissions and to diffract and direct a second portion to a detection region for monitoring. The input region includes the diffractive features of a computer generated hologram (CGH) or a grating for diffracting. Alternatively, the input region is coupled to the CGH or grating. Moreover, the DOA includes at least one reflective region for redirecting the second portion. In one embodiment, the DOA includes a separate active surface for each channel of the array. Alternatively, the DOA has a singular active surface that is positioned to interact with all the channels. Optical power output from the second portion is monitored to generate feedback signals for adjusting the input current to each laser. Additionally, optical power output from sensed temperature is monitored to generate feedback signals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vertical cavity surface emitting laser having high gain and high reflectivity in the desired wavelength range and good thermal and electrical conductivity. The laser structure is comprised of a first mirror region, a second mirror region, and an active region positioned between the first and second mirror regions. Unlike, prior VCSELs, the active region is fused to both the first mirror region and the second mirror region. This allows the laser designer to optimize laser performance for the desired wavelength range by allowing the choice of different materials for the first mirror region, the second mirror region, and the active region.