Abstract: A muffler for an internal combustion engine or the like having improved attenuation, minimal back pressure and minimal effect to column inertia through the muffler. The muffler comprises an outer housing and a first perforated tube insert extending from one end of the housing and terminating within the muffler. In another embodiment the perforated first tube includes a second tube insert abutting the distal end of the first tube in a continuous flow relationship therewith. The second tube has a smaller diameter than the first tube and includes at least one enlarged portion between its ends. Other embodiments are shown that include a combination of either the first and second tubes alone, a second tube with a plurality of enlarged portions between its ends, different sized enlarged portions between the ends of the second tube, various configured enlarged portions and at least two different sized perforations through the perforated tubes. A bracket is shown for attaching the tubes within the housing.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an improved aerodynamic helmet. The helmet has a continuous aerodynamic curvilinear front, side and top surfaces whereby the fluid flowing over and around the sides of the helmet flows in a substantially continuous flow direction from the forward curved area aft of a straight area at the greatest width or largest transverse dimensions of the helmet after leaving the surface influence thereof.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine utilizing hydraulic valve lifters, a source of pressurized engine oil at a higher than normally expected pressure is supplied thereto. The oil delivered to the lifter galley is derived from either an engine oil pump which produces a higher pressure oil flow then conventionally desired for normal engine operation or a separate oil pump. The pressure setting of the oil output from either pump is determined by the engine RPM, i.e. higher pressure with higher engine RPM or from pump speed if an electrically operated separate pump is employed.

Abstract: An intake manifold for twin carburetors or twin air control throat bodies for a motorcycle or the like having one or more cylinders where the physical space is limited comprising a hollow central plenum chamber and hollow carburetor or air control throat body mounting flanges on each opposing side adjacently perpendicular to at least one side communicating with the intake track of at least one cylinder. In the case of two opposing cylinders, each cylinder communicates with the hollow central plenum chamber through opposing openings and the perpendicularly mounted carburetors or air control bodies. When a cylinder intakes a fuel mixture from the carburetors the fuel mixtures from each carburetor converge in the hollow plenum chamber where the direction of flow is turned toward the cylinder without physical impact with a physical structure during direction change. With the cause of air control throat bodies the air flowing through the manifold controls the flow of the air in the same manner as the fuel mixture.

Abstract: A muffler for use with an internal combustion engine or the like having improved attenuation capabilities. The muffler of the disclosure comprises at least two separate passages interconnected in series with a single or multiple output exhaust manifold and a single or multiple tail pipe of an engine exhaust system. At least one of the passages has a length greater than the other or others. The total cross-sectional area of the passages is approximately equal to or greater than the cross-section of the single or multiple exhaust manifold and single or multiple tail pipe to eliminate back pressure and maintain column inertia. In an embodiment, a housing encloses the passages and the overall appearance is that of a conventional muffler. In still another embodiment, at least one of the passages within the housing are perforated with a plurality of apertures. These apertures can be all of the same dimension or can be of different cross-sectional areas.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improved curved intake duct through which fluid flows. The curved intake duct includes a fairing positioned upstream and adjacent to the valve stem which extends through the duct, a fairing downstream of the valve stem and adjacent thereto and a duct floor portion on the inside of the duct at the radius of curvature of the duct. The floor portion of the duct includes a flat section. The curvature including the flat section of the floor portion is decreasing radius energy curve with a height Y at a distance X which follows the following equation, where Y=the longitudinal contour of the surface area at a distance X from X=0 to X=5.1, Y=f(x)=7.42 .multidot.10.sup.-7 X.sup.4 -1.42.multidot.10.sup.-4 X.sup.3 +1.36.multidot.10.sup.-2 X.sup.2 -2.20.multidot.10.sup.-2 X-3.56 .multidot.10.sup.-3. The fairings and the floor portion can be used separately or in any combination thereof. The improvement provided by each separate element is additive.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an improved curved intake duct through which fluid flows. The curved intake duct includes a fairing positioned upstream and adjacent to a valve stem which extends through the duct, a fairing downstream of the valve stem and adjacent thereto and a duct floor portion on the inside of the duct at the radius of curvature of the duct. The floor portion of the duct includes a flat section. The curvature including the flat section of the floor portion is a decreasing radius energy curve with a height Y at a distance X which follows the following equation, where Y=the longitudinal contour of the surface area at a distance according to the equation: f(x)=7.42.times.10.sup.-7 X.sup.4 -1.42.times.10.sup.-4 X.sup.3 +1.36.times.10.sup.-2 X.sup.2 -2.20.times.10.sup.-2 X-3.56.times.10.sup.-3 between X=0 and X=85.1. The fairings and the floor portion can be used separately or in any combination thereof. The improvement provided by each separate element is additive.

Abstract: A muffler for use with an internal combustion engine or the like having improved attenuation capabilities together with lower back pressure. The muffler has an elongated outer casing and an inner casing, the tubular ends of which extend beyond the outer casing for inlet, and outlet conducts. The central portion of the inner casing forms a continuation between the ends and has a differently configured but substantially equal cross-sectional area as the ends. The outer casing forms a sealed relationship with the inner casing adjacent the ends thereof. The central body portion is configured to have a portion in contact with the outer casing and a portion spaced from the outer casing. The surface of the spaced portion is perforated and sound absorption material is positioned in the space between the inner and out casing.

Abstract: Improved intake and exhaust valves for an engine or the like for more efficient fluid flow into a cylinder and the exhausting of spent fluid therefrom. The valves of the present invention have the same general configuration of the valves of a conventional internal combustion engine except that the vertical circumferential portion of the valve head (margin) is differently configured. A curvilinear (Coanda effect) surface is employed on the intake valve between the stem side edge of the margin portion of the valve head and the valve seat and a sharp 90 degree edge is formed at the joinder of the margin and valve face (Feuling effect). The exhaust valve employs the Coanda effect curved surface portion at both the joinder of the back surface of the valve and the valve seat as does the intake valve and further employs this curved surface at the joinder of the valve face and margin of an exhaust valve.

Abstract: An improved multi-cylinder engine exhaust header and single exhaust pipe transition element. The transition element comprises separate cylinder exhaust input connections, a gas chamber, a single exhaust gas output and a thin blade member positioned between at least two separate exhaust input connections. The forward end surface of the blade member takes various configurations to aid the mixing of the exhaust gases from each separate cylinder in the gas chamber prior to exit from the exhaust gas output.

Abstract: The invention relates to the smooth coating with a lyophilic (non-welling) material the passive surfaces of elements moving through or having contact with a fluid medium, such as, water, oil or the like. In one embodiment the under surfaces of the pistons, outer surfaces of the connecting rods and the crank shaft of an internal combustion engine are coated with polytetrafluoroethylene or the like which is lyophilic to the lubricating oil to which it comes in contact. Other embodiments employ lyophilic smooth coatings for ship rudders and outboard lower end units.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a novel camshaft for engine timing. The cam positions of the camshaft include secondary lobes in conjunction with normal primary lobes. The secondary lobes are positioned so that they precede their associated primary lobe during camshaft rotation. The secondary lobes cause an associated valve to open slightly and close completely prior to the normally expected valve opening caused by the primary lobe. This slight opening and closing creates a shock wave that aids the atomizing air and fuel mixing in the intake system prior to normal intake valve opening and enhances the scavenging of combustion gases during the exhaust cycle.

Abstract: A muffler for use with internal combustion engines or the like having improved sound attenuation capabilities together with lower back pressure. The muffler has an elongated outer casing connected to inlet and outlet pipes by inlet and outlet transition sections. A central diffuser body is located within the outer casing substantially along the longitudinal centerline thereof. Mounting plates connect the front and rear ends of the diffuser body to the inlet and outlet pipes, respectively, to hold the diffuser body in place. An inner casing is spaced from, and conforms to, the inner surface of said outer casing between transition sections. The inner casing and the side wall of the diffuser body are perforated. Porous or fibrous sound absorbing material is contained within the diffuser body and between the inner and outer casings. The cross-sectional areas of the inlet pipe and the ring between the inner casing and the diffuser body are preferably substantially equal.

Abstract: A high-efficiency combustion gas exhaust system for four-stroke internal combustion engines. This system uses two overlapping converging conical pipes to provide excellent scavenging at high piston speeds without the usual adverse effects at idle or moderate speeds. A generally conical converging first pipe is installed over the exhaust gas opening in the engine head. A second pipe with a generally converging conical introductory section is secured in an overlapping relationship to the first pipe. Certain size relationships among these components are important in obtaining optimum performance.