Abstract: The present invention relates to a significantly more effective method and apparatus for the removal of latent heat from integrated circuit boards. A significant increase in power density is achieved by utilizing the enclosure of an electronics package for spraying liquids onto integrated circuit boards and their components and associated heat sinks. The enclosure becomes a plenum or the injection source in the spray cooling process.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for cooling integrated circuit boards and electronic components by providing internal passageways in the components and circuit boards which connect to a fluid manifold. The internal passageways connect to a plurality of other passageways so that fluid can be applied to the surface of the components. A cooling fluid capable of phase change is supplied to the internal passageways to conductively cool the interior of the component and to flow through the other passageways to cool the surface of the component at least partially by evaporative cooling. A plurality of circuit boards can be placed back to back with the fluid manifold therebetween, both of which are in an enclosed space so that cooling fluid can be supplied through the fluid manifold to the integrated circuit boards and to the individual components for cooling both the circuit boards and the electronic components.

Abstract: An improved electric motor having a commutator and brushes incorporates a fluid comprising one or more stable halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons which is liquid from ambient temperatures up to about 150.degree. F., and means for applying said fluid continuously to brushes adjacent said commutator while the apparatus is running.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for introducing a continuous bath of high dielectric liquids to the integral components of an electric motor. One such liquid for example, is methyl chloroform. Significant improvements in efficiency are achieved by the continuous injection or splashing of methyl chloroform or other liquids such as aliphatic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof, which may include halogens, including chlorine and fluorine. A continuous flow of these fluids and various combinations thereof provide positive commutation between the moving parts of rotary machines such as the bearings, brushes and commutator surfaces in the operation of a DC motor.