Abstract: Devices for stiffening automotive vehicle coil springs comprise spacers positionable between one or more adjacent convolutions of the springs. The spacers offer no or very minimal resistance to limited compressions of the springs, but an increased resistance to increased compressions. They do not interfere with the standard manufactured height of the springs or vehicle, and under normal driving conditions the vehicle rides smoothly on its suspension. However, under severe conditions, causing sufficient compressions of the springs, the spacers stiffen the reaction of the springs for increased roadability, handling and safety.

Abstract: An air-fuel inlet device for an internal combustion engine is characterized by a spacer having passages therethrough with recesses formed in the side walls of the passages. The spacer is positionable between a carburetor and an intake manifold of an engine with the passages establishing communication between the outlets from the carburetor and associated inlets to the manifold, and results in significantly increased engine efficiency, decreased fuel consumption and decreased exhaust emissions.

Abstract: An air-fuel inlet device for an internal combustion engine characterized by a spacer having passages therethrough with spaced parallel annular recesses formed in the side walls of the passages.The spacer is positionable between a carburetor and an intake manifold of an engine with the passages establishing communication between the outlets from the carburetor and the inlets to the manifold. It has been found that when the spacer is substantially one inch thick, and the annular recesses are essentially square in cross section and have a width and depth of substantially 1/16 inch and a spacing of 1/16 inch along the passages, engine efficiency is significantly increased, fuel consumption is decreased, and exhaust emissions are significantly decreased.