Abstract: An overflow risk mitigation system for a large aboveground liquid storage tank includes a conduit mounted to an outside of the storage tank and extending from an overflow release port disposed in an upper portion of the storage tank to a lower portion of the storage tank. The conduit is closed and channels liquid overflow from the tank to a ground level while minimizing the production of mist or aerosol. The conduit can extend substantially vertically downward from the overflow release port, can have a cross sectional area substantially larger than that of the overflow release port and that expands downwardly from the release port, and can include a diffusive media at an outlet thereof. The overflow release port may be one of a plurality of release ports disposed at a same elevation around a periphery of the tank to allow for flow of liquid exceeding a maximum storage level.

Abstract: A shock tube comprises a driver section, an expansion section connected to the driver section, and an extension connected to the expansion section. Shock absorbent material is disposed within a cavity defined by the driver section and extension section. At least one active vent is disposed over respective holes in the extension section that are connected to the cavity. The extension section is adjustable between one of at least two positions such that a length of the extension section in a first position is longer than a length of the extension section in a second position. The length of the gas column contained within the driver section can also be adjusted by the position of a movable bulkhead.