Abstract: A drive module for an electric vehicle having noise, vibration, and harshness counter measures. The drive module includes multiple covers and mass dampeners in order to detune vibration and noise from the cabin of the vehicle.

Abstract: A drive module for an electric vehicle having noise, vibration, and harshness counter measures. The drive module includes multiple covers and mass dampeners in order to detune vibration and noise from the cabin of the vehicle.

Abstract: A drive module for an electric vehicle having noise, vibration, and harshness counter measures. The drive module includes multiple covers and mass dampeners in order to detune vibration and noise from the cabin of the vehicle.

Abstract: A drive module for an electric vehicle having noise, vibration, and harshness counter measures. The drive module includes multiple covers and mass dampeners in order to detune vibration and noise from the cabin of the vehicle.

Abstract: A volume rendering processor renders a two-dimensional image from a volume data set of voxels constituting a three-dimensional representation of an object. Voxel memory interface logic retrieves the voxels from a voxel memory in a scanned order with respect to X, Y and Z coordinate axes, the Z axis being the axis most nearly parallel to a predefined viewing direction. The set of voxels having equal Z coordinate values are referred to as a “slice” of voxels. Interpolation logic calculates a sequence of samples from the retrieved voxels such that (i) each sample lies along a corresponding imaginary ray extending through the object parallel to the viewing direction, (ii) each sample results from interpolating the eight voxels surrounding the sample in the XYZ coordinate system. “Supersampling” in the Z dimension is performed such that the number of samples calculated for each ray is greater than the number of slices of voxels in the volume data set.

Abstract: A volume rendering processor renders a two-dimensional image from a volume data set of voxels constituting a three-dimensional representation of an object. Voxel memory interface logic retrieves the voxels from a voxel memory in a scanned order with respect to X, Y and Z coordinate axes, the Z axis being the axis most nearly parallel to a predefined viewing direction. The set of voxels having equal Z coordinate values are referred to as a “slice” of voxels. Interpolation logic calculates a sequence of samples from the retrieved voxels such that (i) each sample lies along a corresponding imaginary ray extending through the object parallel to the viewing direction, (ii) each sample results from interpolating the eight voxels surrounding the sample in the XYZ coordinate system. “Supersampling” in the Z dimension is performed such that the number of samples calculated for each ray is greater than the number of slices of voxels in the volume data set.

Abstract: A low-cost, real-time volume rendering system including a three-dimensional cursor for interactively identifying and marking positions within a three-dimensional volume data set during display is disclosed. The cursor appearance is configurable such that it may appear as cross hairs, cross planes, or some combination thereof, with each cursor dimension being selectively enabled. Each cursor dimension is configurable in terms of color and level of opacity. The shape of the edges and the appearance of the intersection of the dimensions is configurable, and the colors of the individual cursor components may alternately blend or obscure the colors of the objects behind them. The cursor is realized through use of a comparison circuit operating in conjunction with a parallel pipeline processor optimized for volume rendering using a ray-casting technique.

Abstract: A two-level skewing architecture is imposed on the memory subsystem of a volume rendering system in which voxel data is stored in mini-blocks assigned to a set of DRAM memory modules, thereby permitting data transfer at the maximum burst rate of the DRAM memory and enabling real-time volume rendering. Within each DRAM module, mini-blocks are assigned to the memory banks so that consecutively accessed mini-blocks are assigned to different banks, thereby avoiding idle cycles during data transfer and increasing DRAM transfer efficiency to nearly 100%. In one embodiment, read-out of voxel data from banks of the DRAM memory proceeds from left to right unless there is a conflict of banks, in which case the read-out order is reversed. A specialized de-skewing network is provided to re-order the voxel data read out from DRAM memory so that the voxels can be processed in the order which they are arranged in the volume data set rather than the order in which they are stored in memory.

Abstract: A volume rendering processor establishes a cut-plane region of a volume data set, the cut-plane region being defined by a plane equation and minimum and maximum distance values representing the values of the plane equation at outer faces of the cut-plane region. The plane equation is evaluated for each sample of the volume data, the result is compared with the minimum and maximum distance values to determine whether the sample is in the cut-plane region, and the visibility of the sample is adjusted depending on the comparison result. The plane equation is evaluated by continually accumulating the coefficient values in an order indicated by the ordering of the sequence of samples.