Abstract: A conductor assembly, a conductor spacer and an associated method for separating conductors are provided in order to secure conductors to one another and/or to an underlying platform. A conductor assembly includes a spacer body having a prismatic solid shape, first and second conductors that extend alongside the spacer body and first and second ties for securing the conductors to the spacer body. The spacer body includes a pair of end faces and a plurality of side faces extending between the end faces. The spacer body also defines an internal cavity that is accessible via openings defined by the end faces and at least two of the side faces. The spacer body is configured to provide different spacings between the conductors when the ties extend through different ones of the openings.

Abstract: A conductor assembly, a conductor spacer and an associated method for separating conductors are provided in order to secure conductors to one another and/or to an underlying platform. A conductor assembly includes a spacer body having a prismatic solid shape, first and second conductors that extend alongside the spacer body and first and second ties for securing the conductors to the spacer body. The spacer body includes a pair of end faces and a plurality of side faces extending between the end faces. The spacer body also defines an internal cavity that is accessible via openings defined by the end faces and at least two of the side faces. The spacer body is configured to provide different spacings between the conductors when the ties extend through different ones of the openings.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for modulating the growth, development and repair of cartilage, bone or other connective tissue. Devices and stimulus waveforms are provided to differentially modulate the behavior of chondrocytes, osteoblasts and other connective tissue cells to promote proliferation, differentiation, matrix formation or mineralization for in vitro or in vivo applications. Continuous-mode and pulse-burst-mode stimulation of cells with charge-balanced signals may be used. Cartilage, bone and other connective tissue growth is stimulated in part by nitric oxide release through electrical stimulation and may be modulated through co-administration of NO donors and NO synthase inhibitors. The methods and devices described are useful in promoting repair of bone fractures, cartilage and connective tissue repair as well as for engineering tissue for transplantation.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for modulating the growth, development and repair of bone, cartilage or other connective tissue. Devices and stimulus waveforms are provided to differentially modulate the behavior of osteoblasts, chondrocytes and other connective tissue cells to promote proliferation, differentiation, matrix formation or mineralization for in vitro or in vivo applications. Continuous-mode and pulse-burst-mode stimulation of cells with charge-balanced signals may be used. Bone, cartilage and other connective tissue growth is stimulated in part by nitric oxide release through electrical stimulation and may be modulated through co-administration of NO donors and NO synthase inhibitors. Bone, cartilage and other connective tissue growth is stimulated in part by release of BMP-2 and BMP-7 in response to electrical stimulation to promote differentiation of cells.