Abstract: This disclosure provides polymer electrolytes, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM's) and membrane electrode assemblies (MEA's) such as may be useful in fuel cells which contain or comprise polyoxometalates (POM's) or heteropolyacids (HPA's). In some embodiments the polyoxometalate, it's counterions or both may comprise Mn and/or Ce. In some embodiments the polymer electrolyte is fluorinated. In some embodiments the polymer electrolyte comprises a second acidic functional group other than a polyoxometalate. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of making polymer electrolytes including methods which comprising a step of copolymerizing monomers comprising a covalently bound polyoxometalates and methods which comprise a step of covalently attaching a polyoxometalate to the polymer.

Abstract: This disclosure provides polymer electrolytes, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM's) and membrane electrode assemblies (MEA's) such as may be useful in fuel cells which contain or comprise polyoxometalates (POM's) or heteropolyacids (HPA's). In some embodiments the polyoxometalate, it's counterions or both may comprise Mn and/or Ce. In some embodiments the polymer electrolyte is fluorinated. In some embodiments the polymer electrolyte comprises a second acidic functional group other than a polyoxometalate. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of making polymer electrolytes including methods which comprising a step of copolymerizing monomers comprising a covalently bound polyoxometalates and methods which comprise a step of covalently attaching a polyoxometalate to the polymer.

Abstract: A removable particle collector for an apparatus which separates metal particles from lubricating oil. A valve assembly has a bore that provides a passage into the reservoir from outside. A valve element is normally biased against a valve seat to close the bore. A plug has a stem which when inserted into the valve assembly bore forces the valve element away from the valve seat. A portion of the stem is magnetized to attract ferromagnetic particles in the reservoir. A plurality of balls rotatably project from a surface on either the valve assembly or the plug and are received in a plurality of locking grooves in the other of the valve assembly and the plug to secure those components together. The balls are lubricated by fluid from the reservoir and can rotate to reduce wear which could loosen the components.

Abstract: A removable particle collector for an apparatus which separates metal particles from lubricating oil. A valve assembly has a bore that provides a passage into the reservoir from outside. A valve element is normally biased against a valve seat to close the bore. A plug has a stem which when inserted into the valve assembly bore forces the valve element away from the valve seat. A portion of the stem is magnetized to attract ferromagnetic particles in the reservoir. A plurality of balls rotatably project from a surface on either the valve assembly or the plug and are received in a plurality of locking grooves in the other of the valve assembly and the plug to secure those components together. The balls are lubricated by fluid from the reservoir and can rotate to reduce wear which could loosen the components.

Abstract: An electrically conductive particle detector that includes a hollow spool or sleeve of insulating material having an open end, a sidewall and a circumferential array of elongated fluid passages that extend radially through the sidewall. A pair of internested helical conductors are mounted in corresponding helical grooves on the interior of the sleeve sidewall, with helical reaches of the conductors spaced from each other by the sleeve. Electrical circuitry is connected to the conductors for detecting impingement of a conductive particle that bridges adjacent reaches of the conductors in fluid that flows through the sleeve. A perforated strainer is carried by the sleeve spaced from the conductors for removing particles in the fluid that flows through the sleeve.

Abstract: An arrangement of a standardized filter element for placing into a housing which is provided with an automatic bypass and with a pop-up botton type by-pass differential pressure indicator, selectively, and a set of at least two annular magnets positioned so as to form at the liquid flow entrance a chip arresting and detention gap among them and along their own peripheries and followed by the action along that of the filter element. One of the filter element sleeves and the grounded housing are utilized as conductors for the chip retention gap, leading to an electric connector for external wiring to a power source and indicating means.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing entrapped gas in a fluid is disclosed. The invention is particularly useful in separating air from oil used in engines and transmissions. The inlet for the oil and air, the exit for the air, and the oil exit are all located at the same end of the invention. This facilitates its use in a variety of engine and transmission configurations. Oil enters tangentially at the top of a cylindrical housing and is caused to cyclonically work its way down to the bottom of the housing. The oil is then forced to reverse its flow and travel upward with a downwardly projecting shroud. The oil is forced to enter an oil outlet tube which is connected to the top of the shroud and which passes through the top of the housing. An air outlet tube projects downwardly from the center of the top portion of the housing. The oil outlet tube is located concentrically within the air outlet tube.