Abstract: An improved sintered material and product. A nanometer size reinforcement powder is mixed with a micron size titanium or titanium alloy powder. After the reinforcement powder is generally uniformly dispersed, the powder mixture is compacted and sintered, causing the nano reinforcement to react with the titanium or titanium alloy, producing a composite material containing nano and micron size precipitates that are uniformly distributed throughout the material.

Abstract: A method of uniformly dispersing a nano powder throughout a micron powder. Ordinary mixing or agitation does not succeed in attaining uniform dispersal: the nano powder agglomerates into microscopic masses. In one form of the invention, a charge of a micron powder, with fifty weight percent of charge of nanopowder is loaded into a ball mill. The mixture is ball milled for less than two hours, at room temperature in a dry condition, and produces a highly uniform distribution of the nano powder throughout the micron powder.

Abstract: A method of uniformly dispersing a nano powder throughout a micron powder. Ordinary mixing or agitation does not succeed in attaining uniform dispersal: the nano powder agglomerates into microscopic masses. In one form of the invention, a charge of a micron powder, with fifty weight percent of charge of nanopowder is loaded into a ball mill. The mixture is ball milled for less than two hours, at room temperature in a dry condition, and produces a highly uniform distribution of the nano powder throughout the micron powder.

Abstract: An alloy steel having the capability of retaining high hardness at elevated temperature for a prolonged time is suitable for use as a high speed tool steel. The alloy steel comprises in % by weight: 0.7-1.4 C; less than 1 Mn; less than 0.04 P; up to 0.7 Si; 3-6 Cr; 4-12 Mo; less than 0.5 Co; 0.5-2.25 V; 1-7 W; up to 1.25 Al; at least one of 0.04-2.5 Nb; 0.025-2.5 Zr; 0.08-4.75 Ta and 0.005-0.7 Ti; balance substantially Fe. The alloy may also have an S content of 0.036-0.300; Mn of 0.30-1.35 and may optionally be treated when in a liquid state with up to 0.05 of Mg or Ca.

Abstract: A high strength vacuum melted ferrous alloy having enhanced fracture toughness comprising not more than about 0.01% by weight sulfur, not more than about 0.1% manganese, and titanium in an amount in atomic percent of not less than about twice the atomic percentage of sulfur present in the alloy. Other detailed limits of titanium, zirconium, and niobium are also disclosed.