Abstract: An aqueous solution of a cerium (IV) complex or salt having an extended lifetime is provided. In one embodiment, the extended lifetime is achieved by adding at least one booster additive to an aqueous solution of the cerium (IV) complex or salt. In another embodiment, the extended lifetime is achieved by providing an aqueous solution of a cerium (IV) complex or salt and a cerium (III) complex or salt. The cerium (III) complex or salt can be added or it can be generated in-situ by introducing a reducing agent into the aqueous solution of the cerium (IV) complex or salt. The aqueous solution can be used to remove a mask material, especially an ion implanted and patterned photoresist, from a surface of a semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of a cerium (IV) complex or salt having an extended lifetime is provided. In one embodiment, the extended lifetime is achieved by adding at least one booster additive to an aqueous solution of the cerium (IV) complex or salt. In another embodiment, the extended lifetime is achieved by providing an aqueous solution of a cerium (IV) complex or salt and a cerium (III) complex or salt. The cerium (III) complex or salt can be added or it can be generated in-situ by introducing a reducing agent into the aqueous solution of the cerium (IV) complex or salt. The aqueous solution can be used to remove a mask material, especially an ion implanted and patterned photoresist, from a surface of a semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A medical waste disposal container has a unitary body structure formed of a substantially flat sheet having a plurality of laminated layers of compact fiberboard, and one or more thin pliable layers of absorbtion resistant plastic material. The laminated sheet material contains a plurality of foldable sheet portions that are scored, wrapped at corners and adhesively joined together to define a bottom, sidewalls and a top of the body structure. The top has an opening, that is closeable by way of a flap formed in the sheet material, for insertion of discarded medical waste. The interior of the container is preferably coated with an absorption resistant material to effectively provide a leakproof seal at the intersections of its sidewalls and bottom.

Abstract: A discarded medical material container comprises a body of sheet material having laminated layers of compact fibrous material and material that is effectively impervious to the passage of fluid. The sheet material is formed into foldable panels that are joined together to define a bottom, sidewalls and a top of the body. The top has a closeable opening for the insertion of discarded material into the container and a closure tab. The top is formed of a first, interior panel of the sheet material having a region that is sectioned to define a plurality of flaps extending inwardly from the contour of the region, so as to define an opening in the first panel of sheet material, and a second, outer panel of sheet material, disposed atop the first panel. The second panel has a cut to define an aperture in the shape of a generally flexible tab overlying the region in the first panel and sized to close the aperture. A slit-score causes each flap to assume a generally downwardly bent condition.

Abstract: In a boiling water reactor nuclear plant, hydrogen is injected into the feed water to neutralize radiolysis which causes stress corrosion in stainless steel components. It has been discovered that by inhibiting volatile ammonia, and other gaseous nitrogen compounds from leaving the liquid phase portions of the plant to the steam phase portions of the plant, radiation is reduced to acceptable levels. Formation of ammonia is inhibited chemically, by altering the reaction paths for volatile nitrogen species with trace additives in the parts per billion range, suitable additives include nitrous oxide, copper, zinc, carbon dioxide, and other components. It has also been found that by manipulating the pH, the formation of the voltage nitrogen compounds, especially ammonia, is decreased. Similarly, by physically altering plant operating conditions to reduce sparging or scrubbing of the gases from areas of high radiation, confinement of the N-16 within the liquid phase of the plant within the reactor vessel occurs.

Abstract: A medical waste disposal container has a unitary body structure formed of a substantially flat sheet having a plurality of laminated layers of compact fiberboard, and one or more thin pliable layers of absorbtion resistant plastic material. The laminated sheet material contains a plurality of foldable sheet portions that are scored, wrapped at corners and adhesively joined together to define a bottom, sidewalls and a top of the body structure. The top has an opening, that is closeable by way of a flap formed in the sheet material, for insertion of discarded medical waste. The interior of the container is preferably coated with an absorbtion resistant material to effectively provide a leakproof seal at the intersections of its sidewalls and bottom.

Abstract: An on-line and continuous sampling system for monitoring the ionic content of steam-producing water in a steam-operated electrical power plant. The monitoring system comprises a plurality of sampling lines and associated apparatus for sampling the steam-producing water at a number of different points in the power plant, an ion chromatographic subsystem for analyzing the sampled water, a calibration subsystem for calibrating the ion chromatographic subsystem, and an automatic control subsystem for operating the monitoring system of the present invention.

Abstract: A medical appliance disposal container is disclosed having at least one opening for insertion of medical appliances, the opening being covered by at least one slotted plastic membrane for insertion of the desired medical appliance into the disposal container. In at least one of the openings at the end of the slot is a needle destruction means whereby needles may be destroyed while attached to a syringe and the destroyed needle-syringe assembly inserted through the slot into the disposal container. In another embodiment, laminated plastic screens can be color-coded to aid in sorting and counting of medical appliances, such as scalpel blades, following surgery. The disposal container of this invention provides for the direct intact disposal of a wide variety of medical appliances while providing an inexpensive container for placement at a large number of locations throughout a health care facility.

Abstract: A medical appliance disposal container is disclosed having at least one opening for insertion of medical appliances, the opening being covered by at least one slotted plastic membrane for insertion of the desired medical appliance into the disposal container. In at least one of the openings at the end of the slot is a bending means whereby needles may be bent while attached to a syringe and the bent needle-syringe assembly inserted through the slot into the disposal container. In another embodiment, laminated plastic screens can be color-coded to aid in sorting and counting of medical appliances, such as scalpel blades, following surgery. The disposal container of this invention provides for the direct intact disposal of a wide variety of medical appliances while providing an inexpensive container for placement at a large number of locations throughout a health care facilty. The medical appliance disposal container disclosed reduces the risk of contents spillage should the container be upset during use.

Abstract: The glass forming chamber in which glass is formed into a continuous sheet by floating it on the surface of molten metal is provided with a series of heat exchangers in an enclosed shell above the chamber and protective atmosphere gases are passed through these heat exchangers to preheat the atmosphere gases which are then directed through conduits into headers and distribution manifolds located within the headspace of the operating portion of the chamber in the vicinity of the glass being formed. The chamber is provided with conventional electrical heating elements connected to bus bars located within the shell containing the heat exchangers, and the heat exchangers are located close to the bus bars to extract heat from them during operation and thereby prolong their useful lives.