Abstract: A liquid lens can include a first substrate with an interior recess. A second substrate with a bore can be bonded to the first substrate, whereby the interior recess of the first substrate and the bore of the second substrate cooperatively define at least a portion of a cavity of the liquid lens. A first liquid and a second liquid can be disposed in the cavity. A variable interface can be disposed between the first liquid and the second liquid, thereby forming a variable lens. The interior recess of the first substrate can be positioned outside of a sidewall projection of a sidewall surface of the cavity through the first substrate.