Abstract: An improved hydrocarbon-based compression ignition fuel boils in the naphtha boiling range and comprises hydrocarbons having from 5 to about 14 carbon atoms, preferably predominantly normal paraffins having chain lengths from 6 to about 12 carbons. The fuel has an average cetane number ranging from 40 to 80 and a Reid vapor pressure of at least 2 psig to ensure safety in handling and storage. Pentane and/or oxygenated hydrocarbons such as dimethoxymethane can be added to reduce emissions and provide sufficient vapor pressure for safe handling and storage.