Abstract: A system and method for forming a thin film device. A method may comprise depositing a layer of material on a substrate with a thin film system at a deposition rate, monitoring a density of the layer of material to control the deposition rate, selecting a threshold for the deposition rate for a consistent film density, wherein the threshold is a material density, decreasing the deposition rate when the deposition rate is higher than the threshold, and increasing the deposition rate when the deposition rate is lower than the threshold. A thin film system for fabricating a thin film device may comprise a chamber, a material source contained with the chamber, an electrical component to activate the material source, a substrate holder to support a multilayer stack of materials that form the thin film device, a measurement device, and an information handling system.

Abstract: A system comprising (i) thin film optical element comprising substrate and thin film stack (?2 film layers; uniform thickness—variation of less than ±5% in any 10 mm2 stack) deposited on substrate's first side; (ii) holder comprising at least one opening; wherein holder has inner side and outer side having beveled edge extending into lip having flat side and beveled edge side; wherein beveled edge/beveled edge side of lip form angle <45° with flat side of lip/first side; wherein flat side of lip and holder inner side define socket receiving substrate; wherein opening exposes first side to deposition plume; wherein first side contacts flat side of lip, thereby allowing film stack deposition on first side; wherein beveled edge side/beveled edge provide film uniformity, and (iii) deposition source providing plume traveling towards first side perpendicular to flat side of lip/first deposition side; and wherein beveled edge side faces plume.

Abstract: A method including generating integrated computational element (ICE) models and determining a sensor response as the projection of a convolved spectrum associated with a sample library with a plurality of transmission profiles determined from the ICE models. The method includes determining a regression vector based on a multilinear regression that targets a sample characteristic with the sensor response and the sample library and determine a plurality of regression coefficients in a linear combination of ICE transmission vectors that results in the regression vector. The method further includes determining a difference between the regression vector and an optimal regression vector. The method may also include modifying the ICE models when the difference is greater than a tolerance, and fabricating ICEs based on the ICE models when the difference is within the tolerance. A device and a system for optical analysis including multiple ICEs fabricated as above, are also provided.

Abstract: Technologies for propagating optical information through an optical waveguide in a downhole environment are provided. An example method can include generating a light signal via a light-emitting device at a first location on a wellbore environment; propagating the light signal through an optical waveguide on an inner surface of a wellbore tool, the optical waveguide including a first layer of low refractive-index material, a second layer of high refractive-index material applied to a first surface of the first layer, and a third layer of low refractive-index material applied to a second surface of the second layer; and receiving, by a detector at a second location on the wellbore environment, the light signal via the optical waveguide on the inner surface of the wellbore tool.

Abstract: A device including a sample cell configured to interact a fluid sample with an ion selective substrate to modify an optical characteristic of the ion selective substrate according to an ion concentration of the fluid sample is provided. The sample cell is configured to optically interact an illumination light with the ion selective substrate to generate a sample light. The device includes an integrated computational element configured to interact with the sample light to provide a modified light that has a property indicative of the ion concentration in the fluid sample; and a detector that receives the modified light and provides an electrical signal proportional to an intensity of the modified light.

Abstract: Techniques include receiving a design of an integrated computational element (ICE) including specification of a substrate and a plurality of layers, their respective target thicknesses and complex refractive indices, complex refractive indices of adjacent layers being different from each other, and a notional ICE fabricated in accordance with the ICE design being related to a characteristic of a sample; forming at least some of the layers of a plurality of ICEs in accordance with the ICE design using a deposition source, where the layers of the ICEs being formed are supported on a support that is periodically moved relative to the deposition source during the forming; monitoring characteristics of the layers of the ICEs during the forming, the monitoring of the characteristics being performed using a timing of the periodic motion of the support relative to the deposition source; and adjusting the forming based on results of the monitoring.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems for capture and measurement of a target component. A fluid sampling tool for sampling fluid from a subterranean formation may include a sample chamber having a fluid inlet, wherein the sample chamber is lined with a coating of a material that can reversibly hold a target component.

Abstract: A device for coating an interior surface of a housing defining a volume comprising a plurality of reactant gas sources including reactant gases for one or more surface coating processes; first and second closures to sealingly engage with an inlet and outlet of the volume of the housing to provide an enclosed volume; a delivery line fluidically coupled to the first closure and the plurality of reactant gas sources to deliver the reactant gases to the enclosed volume; and an output line fluidically coupled to the second closure to remove one or more reactant gases, byproduct gases, or both from the enclosed volume. A method for coating an interior surface of a housing is also provided.

Abstract: A method of coating an interior surface of a housing defining a volume includes partitioning the volume into a first zone and a second zone, the first zone isolated from fluid communication with the second zone; introducing one or more reactant gases, plasma, ions, or a combination thereof to the first zone and the second zone; and forming one or more coating layers on all or a portion of the interior surface within the first and second zones via reaction of the reactant gases, the plasma, or the combination thereof. A device for coating an interior surface of a housing is also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for improving optical spectrum fidelity of an integrated computational element fabricated on a substrate. The integrated computational element is configured, upon completion, to process an optical spectrum representing a chemical constituent of a production fluid from a wellbore. The systems and methods measure in situ a thickness, a complex index of refraction, or both of a film formed during fabrication to generate a predicted optical spectrum. The predicted optical spectrum is compared to a target optical spectrum. Revisions to a design of the integrated computational element are conducted in situ to improve optical spectrum fidelity relative to the target optical spectrum. Other systems and methods are presented.

Abstract: The subject disclosure provides for a method of optical sensor calibration implemented with neural networks through machine learning to make real-time optical fluid answer product prediction adapt to optical signal variation of synthetic and actual sensor inputs integrated from multiple sources. Downhole real-time fluid analysis can be performed by monitoring the quality of the prediction with each type of input and determining which type of input generalizes better. The processor can bypass the less robust routine and deploy the more robust routine for remainder of the data prediction. Operational sensor data can be incorporated from a particular optical tool over multiple field jobs into an updated calibration when target fluid sample compositions and properties become available.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include thin film multivariate optical element and detector combinations, thin film optical detectors, and downhole optical computing systems. In one embodiment, a thin film multivariate optical element and detector combination includes at least one layer of multivariate optical element having patterns that manipulate at least one spectrum of optical signals. The thin film multivariate optical element and detector combination also includes at least one layer of detector film that converts optical signals into electrical signals. The thin film optical detector further includes a substrate. The at least one layer of multivariate optical element and the at least one layer of detector film are deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: Downhole tools for isolating and analyzing one or more gases include a gas separation assembly in fluid communication with a gas specific analyzer. The gas separation assembly includes a piston disposed within a housing and a separation volume defined between the piston and the housing. The piston is movable to separate a gas component and a liquid component from a downhole formation fluid within the separation volume. The gas specific analyzer is operable to measure one or more properties of the gas component. In some configurations, the gas specific analyzer is an optical assembly containing a light source, an optical detector, and a gas cell that contains an observation volume. The optical assembly is operable to measure one or more properties of the gas component within the observation volume via the light source and the optical detector.

Abstract: A device including at least two ICEs that optically interact with a sample light to generate a first and a second modified lights is provided. The at least two ICEs include alternating layers of material, each of the layers having a thickness selected such that the weighted linear combination of the transmission functions is similar to the regression vector associated with a characteristic of the sample. The device may also include a detector that measures a property of the first and second modified lights separately to generate a first and second signal, respectively, wherein the weighted average of first and second signals is linearly related to the characteristic of the sample. A method for fabricating the above device is also provided.

Abstract: A method is provided, including: forming an optical computing device having a first plurality of sensing elements selected to measure a characteristic of a sample, generating a transmission function from a first add-on integrated computational element (ICE), and evaluating, with a merit-function and the transmission function of the add-on ICE, a predictive performance of a modified optical computing device that includes the add-on ICE in addition to the first plurality of sensing elements. Also, modifying the first add-on ICE to improve the predictive performance of the modified optical computing device according to the merit-function and a modified transmission function of the add-on ICE.

Abstract: A method including generating integrated computational element (ICE) models and determining a sensor response as the projection of a convolved spectrum associated with a sample library with a plurality of transmission profiles determined from the ICE models. The method includes determining a regression vector based on a multilinear regression that targets a sample characteristic with the sensor response and the sample library and determine a plurality of regression coefficients in a linear combination of ICE transmission vectors that results in the regression vector. The method further includes determining a difference between the regression vector and an optimal regression vector. The method may also include modifying the ICE models when the difference is greater than a tolerance, and fabricating ICEs based on the ICE models when the difference is within the tolerance. A device and a system for optical analysis including multiple ICEs fabricated as above, are also provided.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an optical computing device using a photonic crystal-based integrated computational element is provided. The method includes selecting a photonic crystal structure with a design suite stored in a non-transitory, computer-readable medium and obtaining a transmission spectrum for the selected photonic crystal. Further, the method includes determining a predictive power of a photonic crystal-based integrated computational element for a characteristic of a sample using the transmission spectrum and a spectral database. And adjusting the transmission spectrum to improve a predictive power of the photonic crystal-based integrated computational element for measuring a characteristic of a sample being analyzed. Also, fabricating the photonic crystal structure for the photonic crystal-based integrated computational element when the predictive power surpasses a pre-selected threshold.

Abstract: Downhole tools for isolating and analyzing one or more gases include a gas separation assembly in fluid communication with a gas specific analyzer. The gas separation assembly includes a piston disposed within a housing and a separation volume defined between the piston and the housing. The piston is movable to separate a gas component and a liquid component from a downhole formation fluid within the separation volume. The gas specific analyzer is operable to measure one or more properties of the gas component. In some configurations, the gas specific analyzer is an optical assembly containing a light source, an optical detector, and a gas cell that contains an observation volume. The optical assembly is operable to measure one or more properties of the gas component within the observation volume via the light source and the optical detector.

Abstract: Fabry-Perot based optical computing devices and temperature sensors are disclosed for a number of applications including, for example, in-situ downhole fluid analysis and temperature detection.

Abstract: A method for designing an integrated computational element (ICE) includes generating an array of discrete data points and plotting the discrete data points across a predetermined wavelength region. A line shape is then generated that connects to and is constrained by the array of discrete data points, and thereby generates a first transmission function. The discrete data points are then iteratively modified based on one or more performance criteria to generate a second transmission function. A model transmission function corresponding to a model ICE design is then fitted to the second transmission function to identifying a predictive ICE design configured to detect a desired characteristic of interest.