Abstract: A system for estimating or predicting energy consumption for a trip of a personal vehicle includes a user facing portion and a back-end portion. The user facing portion includes a display and a user interface hosting a real-time application configured to receive travel information and present a received energy distribution via the display. The back-end portion includes a back-end database and an energy processor configured to access the back-end database. The energy processor includes a demand model module configured to produce a set of possible velocity histories and a set of possible ambient temperatures. A vehicle model module is configured to receive the velocity histories and ambient temperatures to provide the energy distribution or a probabilistic prediction of future energy consumption to the user facing portion.

Abstract: A system for estimating or predicting energy consumption for a trip of a personal vehicle includes a user facing portion and a back-end portion. The user facing portion includes a display and a user interface hosting a real-time application configured to receive travel information and present a received energy distribution via the display. The back-end portion includes a back-end database and an energy processor configured to access the back-end database. The energy processor includes a demand model module configured to produce a set of possible velocity histories and a set of possible ambient temperatures. A vehicle model module is configured to receive the velocity histories and ambient temperatures to provide the energy distribution or a probabilistic prediction of future energy consumption to the user facing portion.

Abstract: A system for estimating or predicting energy consumption for a trip of a personal includes a user facing portion and a back-end portion. The user facing portion includes a display and a user interface hosting a real-time application configured to receive travel information and present a received energy distribution via the display. The back-end portion includes a back-end database and an energy processor configured to access the back-end database. The energy processor includes a demand model module configured to produce a set of possible velocity histories and a set of possible ambient temperatures. A vehicle model module is configured to receive the velocity histories and ambient temperatures to provide the energy distribution or a probabilistic prediction of future energy consumption to the user facing portion.

Abstract: A system is provided wherein a devolatilizing reactor is used to make combinatorial libraries of materials. Examples of suitable reactors include continuous high viscosity devolatilizers and continuous devolatilizing kneaders.

Abstract: A culture monitor (10) for microbiological testing of a liquid sample includes a housing having a liquid inlet (30) and a liquid outlet (32, 34), and a liquid sample filtration means inside the housing between the liquid inlet (30) and the liquid outlet (32, 34). The liquid sample filtration means including a filter medium (16) so that a liquid sample entering the housing through the liquid inlet (30) passes through the filter medium (16), with microorganisms present in the liquid sample being retained on the filter medium (16) and spent liquid or filtrate passing through the filter medium (16). A reservoir (53) is provided in the housing downstream of the liquid sample filtration means relative to the liquid inlet (30), with a volume of a rehydration agent for a dehydrated culture medium being provided in the reservoir (53), or the reservoir (53) being adapted to retain during filtration, as a rehydration agent, a portion of the filtrate.