Abstract: This disclosure describes compositions including fluorophore-conjugated sialic acids and fluorophore-conjugated fucose and methods of making and using those compositions. A fluorophore-conjugated sialic acid may include a cytidine monophosphate activated fluorophore-conjugated sialic acids (CMP-f-SA); a fluorophore-conjugated fucose may include a guanosine 5?-diphosphate activated fluorophore-conjugated fucose (GDP-f-Fuc). Methods of using the compositions include enzymatic incorporation of a fluorophore-conjugated sialic acid or a fluorophore-conjugated fucose or both to label and detect N- and O-glycans on glycoproteins. The compositions and methods may allow for the detection of specific glycans.