Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating acral lick granuloma in a canine using a capsaicinoid, such as capsaicin. The invention also provides methods for deactivating a nerve fiber selected from the group consisting of a C-fiber and an A-delta fiber, each being located in or proximal to an acral lick granuloma in a canine, using a capsaicinoid, such as capsaicin.

Abstract: A transdermal topical anesthetic formulation, which can be used to ameliorate or inhibit pain, has been developed. In the preferred embodiment, the topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic such as lidocaine, most preferably lidocaine free-base in a gel, and the dosage of the local anesthetic is effective in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas, to ameliorate or eliminate the pain. High concentration of local anesthetic in solution in the carrier is used to drive rapid release and uptake of the drug. Relief is typically obtained for a period of several hours.

Abstract: A transdermal topical anesthetic formulation, which can be used to ameliorate or inhibit pain, has been developed. In the preferred embodiment, the topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic such as lidocaine, most preferably lidocaine free-base in a gel, and the dosage of the local anesthetic is effective in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas, to ameliorate or eliminate the pain. High concentration of local anesthetic in solution in the carrier is used to drive rapid release and uptake of the drug. Relief is typically obtained for a period of several hours.

Abstract: A transdermal topical anesthetic formulation, which can be used to ameliorate or inhibit pain, has been developed. In the preferred embodiment, the topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic such as lidocaine, most preferably lidocaine free-base in a gel, and the dosage of the local anesthetic is effective in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas, to ameliorate or eliminate the pain. High concentration of local anesthetic in solution in the carrier is used to drive rapid release and uptake of the drug. Relief is typically obtained for a period of several hours.

Abstract: Compositions, and methods of use thereof, are provided for the treatment of painful neuropathy by local or topical delivery of compounds that interact with ?-adrenergic receptors, especially an alpha2 adrenergic agonist such as clonidine, to the entire painful area such that the need for systemic dosing is minimized. The compounds are delivered to or adjacent to painful areas in patients with painful length dependent neuropathy, and other neuropathies that affect the pain signaling fibers in the skin. A preferred compound for the treatment of patients with length dependent neuropathy is clonidine applied in a transdermal patch, gel, ointment, lotion, liposomal formulation, cream, or emulsion, wherein the concentration is sufficient to provide an effective dose in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas.

Abstract: Compositions, and methods of use thereof, are provided for the treatment of painful neuropathy by local or topical delivery of compounds that interact with ?-adrenergic receptors, especially an alpha2 adrenergic agonist such as clonidine, to the entire painful area such that the need for systemic dosing is minimized. The compounds are delivered to or adjacent to painful areas in patients with painful length dependent neuropathy, and other neuropathies that affect the pain signaling fibers in the skin. A preferred compound for the treatment of patients with length dependent neuropathy is clonidine applied in a transdermal patch, gel, ointment, lotion, liposomal formulation, cream, or emulsion, wherein the concentration is sufficient to provide an effective dose in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas.

Abstract: A transdermal topical anesthetic formulation, which can be used to ameliorate or inhibit neuropathic pain, has been developed. In the preferred embodiment, the topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic such as lidocaine, most preferably lidocaine free-base in a gel, and the dosage of the local anesthetic is effective in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas, to ameliorate or eliminate the pain. High concentration of local anesthetic in solution in the carrier is used to drive rapid release and uptake of the drug. Relief is typically obtained for a period of several hours.

Abstract: A transdermal topical anesthetic formulation, which can be used to ameliorate or inhibit pain, has been developed. In the preferred embodiment, the topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic such as lidocaine, most preferably lidocaine free-base in a gel, and the dosage of the local anesthetic is effective in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas, to ameliorate or eliminate the pain. High concentration of local anesthetic in solution in the carrier is used to drive rapid release and uptake of the drug. Relief is typically obtained for a period of several hours.

Abstract: A transdermal topical anesthetic formulation, which can be used to ameliorate or inhibit pain, has been developed. In the preferred embodiment, the topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic such as lidocaine, most preferably lidocaine free-base in a gel, and the dosage of the local anesthetic is effective in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas, to ameliorate or eliminate the pain. High concentration of local anesthetic in solution in the carrier is used to drive rapid release and uptake of the drug. Relief is typically obtained for a period of several hours.

Abstract: Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists such as clonidine may be used to treat the pain associated with painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) only in a subset of these patients. Targeted nociceptors (pain fibers) must be functionally expressed in the skin in order for clonidine to have a therapeutic effect. Neuropathies associated with pain differ with respect to the expression of nociceptors in the skin. Clonidine targets alpha-2 adrenergic receptors on the terminals of nociceptors. The presence of the targeted nociceptors may be determined by topical application of a TRPV1 agonist such as capsaicin. Patients who detect the capsaicin as a pain stimulus applied near the painful area have expression in the skin of the requisite targeted nociceptors and the targeted alpha-2 adrenergic receptors. The test is referred to as a capsaicin challenge test. This test significantly improves clinical outcomes in topical neuropathic pain treatment.

Abstract: Compositions, and methods of use thereof, are provided for the treatment of painful neuropathy by local or topical delivery of compounds that interact with ?-adrenergic receptors, especially an alpha2 adrenergic agonist such as clonidine, to the entire painful area such that the need for systemic dosing is minimized. The compounds are delivered to or adjacent to painful areas in patients with painful length dependent neuropathy, and other neuropathies that affect the pain signaling fibers in the skin. A preferred compound for the treatment of patients with length dependent neuropathy is clonidine applied in a transdermal patch, gel, ointment, lotion, liposomal formulation, cream, or emulsion, wherein the concentration is sufficient to provide an effective dose in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas.

Abstract: Compositions, and methods of use thereof, are provided for the treatment of painful neuropathy by local or topical delivery of compounds that interact with ?-adrenergic receptors, especially an alpha2 adrenergic agonist such as clonidine, to the entire painful area such that the need for systemic dosing is minimized. The compounds are delivered to or adjacent to painful areas in patients with painful length dependent neuropathy, and other neuropathies that affect the pain signaling fibers in the skin. A preferred compound for the treatment of patients with length dependent neuropathy is clonidine applied in a transdermal patch, gel, ointment, lotion, liposomal formulation, cream, or emulsion, wherein the concentration is sufficient to provide an effective dose in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas.

Abstract: A transdermal topical anesthetic formulation, which can be used to ameliorate or inhibit pain, has been developed. In the preferred embodiment, the topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic such as lidocaine, most preferably lidocaine free-base in a gel, and the dosage of the local anesthetic is effective in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas, to ameliorate or eliminate the pain. High concentration of local anesthetic in solution in the carrier is used to drive rapid release and uptake of the drug. Relief is typically obtained for a period of several hours.

Abstract: A transdermal topical anesthetic formulation, which can be used to ameliorate or inhibit neuropathic pain, has been developed. In the preferred embodiment, the topical anesthetic is a local anesthetic such as lidocaine, most preferably lidocaine free-base in a gel, and the dosage of the local anesthetic is effective in the painful area or immediately adjacent areas, to ameliorate or eliminate the pain. High concentration of local anesthetic in solution in the carrier is used to drive rapid release and uptake of the drug. Relief is typically obtained for a period of several hours.

Abstract: The method disclosed herein entails spinal cord stimulation via electrodes placed directly into the dorsal horn, dorsal column, spinothalamic tract, nucleus cuneatus, nucleus gracilis, spinal tract of V, or spinal nucleus of V (nucleus caudalis) depending on the source of pain. This “intramedullary” stimulation “jams” or otherwise prevents the pain signal from being transmitted. The method provides a means to stimulate the targeted area directly, creating a stable means of stimulating the desired area, and decreasing stimulation of other structures.

Abstract: Sympathetically maintained pain is treated topically by administering to the site where sympathetically maintained pain is present an &agr;-1-adrenergic antagonist, &agr;-2-adrenergic agonist, or other drug that depletes or blocks synthesis of sympathetic norepinephrine, known collectively as sympatholytic agents. Chemical formulas for several sympatholytic agents are given.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for treating pain at a specific site with an effective concentration of capsaicin or analogues thereof are described. The methods involve providing anesthesia to the site where the capsaicin or analogues thereof is to be administered, and then administering an effective concentration of capsaicin to the joint. The anesthesia can be provided directly to the site, or at remote site that causes anesthesia at the site where the capsaicin is to be administered. For example, epidural regional anesthesia can be provided to patients to which the capsaicin is to be administered at a site located from the waist down. By pretreating the site with the anesthetic, a significantly higher concentration of capsaicin can be used. Effective concentrations of capsaicin or analogues thereof range from between 0.01 and 10% by weight, preferably between 1 and 7.5% by weight, and more preferably, about 5% by weight.

Abstract: Sympathetically maintained pain is treated topically by administering to the site where sympathetically maintained pain is present an .alpha.-adrenergic antagonist, .alpha.-1-adrenergic antagonist, .alpha.2 adrenergic agonist, or other drug that depletes or blocks synthesis of sympathetic norepinephrine. Examples demonstrate relief of pain by application of phentolamine or clonidine.

Abstract: Method of diagnosing and treatment of sympathetically maintained pain. Sympathetically maintained pain is diagnosed and treated using the method of injecting or transdermally applying an .alpha.-adrenergic blocking agent selected from the group consisting of .alpha.-adrenergic antagonist, .alpha.-1-adrenergic antagonist, .alpha.2 adrenergic agonist, or other drug that depletes sympathetic norepineprhine. Sympathetic efferent fibers release norepinephrine which in turn activates .alpha.-adrenergic receptors. Activation of these receptors, either directly or indirectly, excites nociceptors. Activity in the nociceptors then evokes pain, and causes further discharge of nociceptors. Intravenous administration of phentolamine blocks the activation of .alpha.-adrenergic receptors which causes the pain to be relieved. The use of a clonidine, another .alpha.-adrenergic blocking agent, in a patch similarly achieved substantive pain reduction.

Abstract: Sympathetically maintained pain is treated topically by administering to the site where sympathetically maintained pain is present an ?-1-adrenergic antagonist, ?-2-adrenergic agonist, or other drug that depletes or blocks synthesis of sympathetic norepinephrine, known collectively as sympatholytic agents. Chemical formulas for several sympatholytic agents are given.