Abstract: A sheet material includes a polycarbonate substrate and a protective coating containing the reaction products of an aminoplast resin, a polyol compound, and a UV-absorbing amount of a triazine compound. The sheet material exhibits an improved balance of abrasion resistance, solvent resistance, weatherability, and formability.

Abstract: A sheet material includes a polycarbonate substrate and a protective coating containing the reaction products of an aminoplast resin, a polyol compound, and a UV-absorbing amount of a triazine compound. The sheet material exhibits an improved balance of abrasion resistance, solvent resistance, weatherability, and formability.

Abstract: A sheet material includes a polycarbonate substrate and a protective coating containing the reaction products of an aminoplast resin, a polyol compound, and a UV-absorbing amount of a triazine compound. The sheet material exhibits an improved balance of abrasion resistance, solvent resistance, weatherability, and formability.

Abstract: A sheet material includes a polycarbonate substrate and a protective coating containing the reaction products of an aminoplast resin, a polyol compound, and a UV-absorbing amount of a triazine compound. The sheet material exhibits an improved balance of abrasion resistance, solvent resistance, weatherability, and formability. Methods of preparing the sheet material are described.

Abstract: A method and system for high-throughput screening of multiphase reactions are provided. In an exemplary embodiment the method includes the steps of sequentially loading a plurality of discrete combinations of reactants into a longitudinal reaction zone; reacting each of the combinations as it passes through the reaction zone to provide a continuously or an incrementally varying reaction product; and sequentially discharging the reaction product of each of combination from the reaction zone as reaction of each combination is completed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to curable acrylate coating compositions and coated articles resulting therefrom. The curable acrylate coating composition comprises at least two polyfunctional acrylate derivatives, at least one photoinitiator and at least one nanoscale filler.

Abstract: A method comprises (A) defining a first experimental space comprising factors of at least two mixtures with at least one common factor, (B) defining a second experimental space by deleting duplicate factor combinations from the first experimental space and (C) conducting an experiment on the second experimental space. A system comprises a processor that (A) defines a first experimental space comprising factors of at least two mixtures with at least one common factor and (B) defines a second experimental space by deleting duplicate factor combinations from the first experimental space. The system also comprises a reactor and evaluator to select a best case set of factors from the second experimental space by a combinatorial high throughput screening (CHTS) method to select a best case set of factors from the second experimental space.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, an application of combinatorial materials development with minimum materials development, minimum variance, and maximum integration is provided. The embodiment is directed to a method of project development of a combinatorial materials development process using DFSS techniques having four major elements. The first element is the use of a design for six sigma (DFSS) process mapping to convert a complex and disorganized process structure to an organized structure that can be further analyzed. The second element comprises the use of quality function deployment houses as a method of flowing critical to quality characteristics (CTQ) through a research project. The third element comprises a transfer function that connects the overall steps of the project to the output which is measured as variability not as mean. Score cards are used as the “function” to total the variabilities of each process step.

Abstract: A method selects a best case set of factors of a chemical reaction by defining a chemical experimental space by (i) identifying relationships between factors of a candidate chemical reaction space; and. (ii) detemininig a chemical experimental space comprising a table of test cases for each of the factors based oil the identified relationships between the factors with the identified relationships based oil researcher specified n-tuple combinations between identities of the relationships. A combinatorial high throughput screening (CHTS) method is effected on1 the chemical experimental space to select the best case set of factors. A system for selecting a best case set of factors of a chemical reaction, comprises a processor, reactor and an evaluator.

Abstract: In an experimental design strategy for evaluating systems with complex physical, chemical and structural requirements, a first population of entities is synthesized, a property of each of the entities can be detected by a high throughput screening (HTS) method and a genetic algorithm based on the property of the entities is executed to identify a second population of entities. A system for screening constructs to determine a problem solution includes a generator to provide a binary string representing a random first population of the constructs, a combinatorial reactor to synthesize the first population of constructs and to determine a fitness function for each construct of the population by a high throughput screening process and an executor to execute a genetic algorithm on the first population to produce a generation that defines a second population of the materials.

Abstract: A method selects a best case set of factors of a chemical reaction by defining a chemical experimental space by (i) identifying relationships between factors of a candidate chemical reaction space; and (ii) determining a chemical experimental space comprising a table of test cases for each of the factors based on the identified relationships between the factors with the identified relationships based on researcher specified n-tuple combinations between identities of the relationships. A combinatorial high throughput screening (CHTS) method is effected on the chemical experimental space to select the best case set of factors. A system for selecting a best case set of factors of a chemical reaction, comprises a processor, reactor and an evaluator.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, an application of combinatorial materials development with minimum materials development, minimum variance, and maximum integration is provided. The embodiment is directed to a method of project development of a combinatorial materials development process using DFSS techniques having four major elements. The first element is the use of a design for six sigma (DFSS) process mapping to convert a complex and disorganized process structure to an organized structure that can be further analyzed. The second element comprises the use of quality function deployment houses as a method of flowing critical to quality characteristics (CTQ) through a research project. The third element comprises a transfer function that connects the overall steps of the project to the output which is measured as variability not as mean. Score cards are used as the “function” to total the variabilities of each process step.

Abstract: An experimental space comprising levels of factors is designed according to an incomplete block design and an experimental space comprising levels of factors is designed by random selection. Separate combinatorial high throughput screening experiments are effected on each experimental space to produce sets of results and best results are selected from the sets. A system for conducting an experiment includes a reactor for effecting a combinatorial high throughput screening method on an experimental space to produce results and a programmed controller that defines an experimental space comprising levels of factors according to an incomplete block design and defines an experimental space comprising levels of factors by random selection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the fabrication, performance testing and screening of combinatorial libraries of materials arranged as three dimensional arrays. The invention describes the generation and screening of three dimensional arrays by depositing a plurality of samples onto at least one substrate at discrete and defined positions in a three dimensional format such that each sample is isolated by the substrate from the other samples, and wherein each sample is defined by its (x, y, and z) coordinate, collecting analytical data from the sample array, correlating the analytical data collected from the array to the position of samples within the array, and analyzing the analytical data for a parameter of interest. The array may be performance tested for stability to chemical degradation, environmental stress, or other factors. Also described is the use of techniques such as confocal and multi-photon microscopy for the measurement and analysis of samples in the array.

Abstract: An experimental space is determined comprising n factors and a first factor in M number of factor level intervals and in a range of Amin to Amax where A is a proportion of the factor level to total factor levels. An experiment is conducted on the first factor sampled in a range of levels determined according to a relationship (Amin+(Amax−Amin)/(n(M−1))) to (Amax−(Amax−Amin)/(n(M−1))). A system comprises a reactor for effecting a CHTS method on an experimental space to produce results and a programmed controller for the reactor that defines an experimental space comprising a lattice of points representing increments of reaction factor levels from a minimum level value to a maximum level value according to the relationship (Amin+(Amax−Amin)/(n(M−1))) to (Amax−Amin)/(n(M−1))) where M is a number of intervals for the factor levels of the range, n is a number of mixture components and A is a proportion of the factor level to total factor levels.

Abstract: A catalyst system for economically producing aromatic carbonates from aromatic hydroxy compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a carbonylation catalyst system that includes a catalytic amount of an inorganic co-catalyst containing ytterbium. In various alternative embodiments, the carbonylation catalyst system can include an effective amount of a palladium source and an effective amount of a halide composition. Further alternative embodiments can include catalytic amounts of various inorganic co-catalyst combinations.

Abstract: A method selects a best case set of factor levels of a catalyzed chemical reaction by defining a chemical experimental space by a Latin square design and conducting a CHTS method to select a best case set of factor levels from the chemical experimental space. A system for investigating a catalyzed experimental space comprises a programmed controller that defines a catalyzed chemical experimental space according to a Latin square strategy and a reactor for effecting a CHTS method on the catalyzed chemical experimental space to produce results.

Abstract: An experimental space of a catalyzed chemical reaction is defined to represent at least three factor interactions, a CHTS method is effected on the catalyzed chemical experimental space to produce results and results are analyzed by matrix algebra to select a best case set of factor levels from the catalyzed experimental space. A system for investigating a catalyzed experimental space comprises a reactor for effecting a CHTS method on the catalyzed chemical experimental space to produce results and a programmed controller to analyze the results by matrix algebra to select a best case set of factor levels from the catalyzed experimental space.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for quantifying structural defects of a coating composition on a given substrate, where certain structural defect-inducing tests are performed. In this method, a coating formulation is doped with a colorimetric or luminescent material. Concentration of the material depends on the quantum efficiency, excitation and emission wavelengths, and employed detection techniques, and can range from about 1 fM to about 1 mM. Before, during and/or after such tests, the coating is illuminated with a wavelength of radiation at which the reflected or transmitted color or emitted luminescence of the material in the coating is detectable with an optical detector or by visual inspection. In this fashion, the percentage of failure of the coating can be quantified as well as the level of interdiffusion of coating into substrate or substrate into coating. The method of the invention is thus particularly well-suited for the combinatorial analysis of an array of coating samples.

Abstract: A method and catalyst system for economically producing aromatic carbonates from aromatic hydroxy compounds. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of carbonylating aromatic hydroxy compounds by contacting at least one aromatic hydroxy compound with oxygen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst system that includes a catalytic amount of an inorganic co-catalyst containing zinc. In various alternative embodiments, the carbonylation catalyst system can include an effective amount of a palladium source and an effective amount of a halide composition. Further alternative embodiments can include catalytic amounts of various inorganic co-catalyst combinations.