Abstract: A composition and method for inhibiting chloride-induced corrosion in reinforcing steel (rebar) present in concrete structures such as roadways, bridges, and buildings. A boron-containing compound, such as a borate salt, is applied to the reinforced concrete structure. Application can be done by applying a mixture of road salt and the boron-containing compound or by applying a solution having the boron-containing compound to the concrete structure.

Abstract: The strength of ice is reduced by the dissolution of a water-soluble composition composed of (A) a non- or slightly-ionizing water-soluble organic compound containing one or more hydrophilic groups, and (B) an organic or inorganic, water soluble ammonium salt, optionally with surface active agent or water and conventional additives in ice-forming water. The composition is particularly suitable for application to a wet, particulate solid material prior to its storage or transportation in sub-freezing weather to produce a frozen mass of reduced mechanical strength, thereby greatly mitigating subsequent unloading or handling of the material.