Abstract: A urea-formaldehyde corn is mixed or ground with added paraformaldehyde and urea in addition to a catalyst system and other conventional additives to produce a mixture of fine powder. This mixture is optionally densified and granulated. The addition of urea and paraformaldehyde to the corn causes a low viscosity under cold manifold injection condition, which is particularly suited for cold manifold molding applications. The condensation of resin in the corn is preferably kept low by using high formaldehyde: urea ratios and pH values during drying. The plastic life of the molding compound is improved by employing a catalyst system such as zinc sulfate and hexamethylenetetramine. The molding compound is stable at about 82.degree.-110.degree. C. for over about 5 minutes and can be injected at applied pressures of below about 125 megapascals (18,000 psi) at such manifold temperatures with reasonable cycle times and without setting in the sprue or runners.

Abstract: The high temperature stability of devices encapsulated with a flame retardant epoxy molding compound is improved by including in the encapsulant as synergistic flame retardant a halogen-containing organic compound (preferably of the reactive type) and antimony pentoxide. The encapsulant may be prepared from an epoxy, a hardener preferably of the novolac or anhydride type, a catalyst, a mold release agent, preferably a filler, preferably a colorant, preferably a coupling agent, the halogen-containing organic compound (which may be part of the resin or the hardener) and antimony pentoxide. Such encapsulants, when used to encapsulate semiconductor devices, have improved high temperature compatability compared to similar molding compounds with antimony trioxide or antimony tetraoxide.

Abstract: Sulfonation of anthraquinone by a sulfur trioxide component including SO.sub.3 or oleum in a liquid sulfur dioxide solvent. When a mercury catalyst is used to give alpha anthraquinone sulfonate products, most of the mercury is left in the reactor or recovered with unreacted anthraquinone by precipitation with water after vaporization of the sulfur dioxide. High sulfuric acid and mercury pollution are thus avoided.

Abstract: Chlorofluorinated carboxylic acids may be effectively produced by an oxychlorofluorination process by reacting a gaseous mixture of a starting material selected from a saturated aliphatic carboxy containing compound, a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid halide and a saturated aliphatic aldehyde in which all atoms are selected from C, H and O, and corresponding hydrohalogenated compounds in which the halo atoms are selected from chloro and fluoro, or mixtures thereof, an oxygen-containing gas, a chlorinating agent selected from the group consisting of HCl and Cl.sub.2 and mixtures thereof, and HF, in the presence of a Deacon catalyst supported by a stable, inert metal salt carrier.

Abstract: 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane [CF.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2 ] is prepared by contacting 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane [CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 Cl] with a less than molar equivalent of chlorine under conditions of photochemical chlorination. The CF.sub.3 CHCl.sub.2 is recovered substantially devoid of contaminating 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2,2-trichloroethane [CF.sub.3 CCl.sub.3 ] by-product.