Abstract: Compounds, compositions and methods are provided for mitochondrial modulation. The subject mitochondrial modulator compounds generally include a head group linked to a charged moiety. In certain cases, the head group is a heterocyclic or a heteroaryl group. Aspects of the subject methods include a method of modulating mitochondria. Aspects of the subject methods include treating a subject having a metabolic syndrome-related disease or a symptom thereof by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a subject compound. In certain cases, the disease is selected from hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, obesity, cardiovascular disease and stroke. In certain cases, the symptom is selected from abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, high levels of blood fats, increased blood pressure, and elevated serum lipids.

Abstract: Disclosed are certain heterocyclic organic compounds that inhibit mitochondrial respiration and also lead to the maintenance of pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells in culture, even in the presence of oxygen. Exemplified are compounds, such as substituted 5-aminotetrazoles, which are reversible mitochondrial inhibitors. The pluripotency of the stem cells after culture is verified by the overexpression of pluripotent stem cell markers, exemplified by at least one of the genes NANOG, OCT4, and SURVIVIN after periods of culture in ambient oxygen.

Abstract: It has been discovered that inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in platelets reduces platelet activation or platelet aggregation. Certain heterocyclic compounds significantly reduced one or more platelet functions including clumping, sticking or platelet-stimulated clotting. Thus diseases or disorders mediated by inappropriately high levels of platelet activation or platelet aggregation can be treated by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a heterocyclic compound or nonheterocyclic mitochondrial inhibitor that significantly reduces one or more platelet functions including clumping, sticking or platelet-stimulated clotting, preferably in a reversible manner.

Abstract: Disclosed are certain heterocyclic organic compounds that inhibit mitochondrial respiration and also lead to the maintenance of pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells in culture, even in the presence of oxygen. Exemplified are compounds, such as substituted 5-aminotetrazoles, which are reversible mitochondrial inhibitors. The pluripotency of the stem cells after culture is verified by the overexpression of pluripotent stem cell markers, exemplified by at least one of the genes NANOG, OCT4, and SURVIVIN after periods of culture in ambient oxygen.

Abstract: It has been discovered that inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in platelets reduces platelet activation or platelet aggregation. Certain heterocyclic compounds significantly reduced one or more platelet functions including clumping, sticking or platelet-stimulated clotting. Thus diseases or disorders mediated by inappropriately high levels of platelet activation or platelet aggregation can be treated by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a heterocyclic compound or nonheterocyclic mitochondrial inhibitor that significantly reduces one or more platelet functions including clumping, sticking or platelet-stimulated clotting, preferably in a reversible manner.

Abstract: The invention includes a water-soluble oxygen carrier. The oxygen carrier includes a meso-.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-tetrakis(o-propanoylamino)phenylporph yrin, in which the 3-carbons of the propanoyl groups are each covalently bound to an amine nitrogen, and iron or cobalt is bound to the pyrrole nitrogens of the porphyrin. The oxygen carrier also includes a ligand L for protecting the open face of the porphyrin from .mu.-oxo dimer formation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a metalloporphyrin-ligand complex which includes (a) a meso-tetraphenylporphyrin, (b) a crown ether rigidly attached to the meso-tetraphenylporphyrin by covalent attachment on one side of the porphyrin to two diagonally opposing phenyl groups, (c) a metal bound to the pyrrole nitrogens of the porphyrin, (d) a bridge covalently linking two diagonally opposing phenyl groups on the other side of the porphyrin, effective to hinder .mu.-oxo diner formation, and (e) a ligand having (i) a primary amine which is held noncovalently by the crown ether and (ii) a metal-coordinating atom which is coordinately bound to the metal.In another aspect, the invention includes a water-soluble oxygen carrier. The oxygen carrier includes a meso-.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-tetrakis(o-propanoylamino)phenylporph yrin, in which the 3-carbons of the propanoyl groups are each covalently bound to a quaternary amine, and iron or cobalt is bound to the pyrrole nitrogens of the porphyrin.

Abstract: The anionic polymerization of lactam is activated by the presence of crown ethers which are macrocyclic polyethers having the ability to form stable complexes with salts.

Abstract: Production of alkali metal tetracarbonylferrates by reaction of alkali metal with an iron carbonyl, preferably iron pentacarbonyl, in a suitable solvent and in the presence of an electron carrier, the alkali metal being present in the liquid phase. Also, solvated forms of alkali metal tetracarbonylferrates as new compositions of matter. The alkali metal tetracarbonylferrates are useful in the production of aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and amides.