Abstract: A method is disclosed to verify and identify pharmaceutical products through their product signatures in order to combat counterfeiting and reduce dispensing errors, using methods such as near infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, in order actively evade pharmaceutical product counterfeiting, a method is disclosed where an amount of one or more of the inactive ingredients is varied over time; the variation provides a different product signature, but falling within a level deemed permissible by a regulatory body.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to verify and identify products through their product signatures in order to combat counterfeiting and reduce dispensing errors, using methods such as spectral analysis (e.g., near infrared spectroscopy). Furthermore, in order to actively evade product counterfeiting, a method is disclosed where an amount of one or more components of the product are varied (e.g., over time); the variation provides a different product signature, but falling within a desirable or necessary range.

Abstract: Transporters are membrane proteins that translocate solutes across biological membranes. Active agents such as drugs, prodrugs, nutrients, nutraceuticals, and other bioactive substances are substrates for transporters. Some transporters require sodium to be co-transported with solute, in order to transport solute. This invention relates to a pharmaceutical formulation approach to enhance uptake of active agent by increasing the uptake of active agent by a sodium-dependent transporter, where sodium is fabricated with or co-administered with active agent. One example is the formulation of a dosage form containing the prodrug acyclovir valychenodeoxycholate, which targets the human apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, and sodium chloride to enhance active agent uptake from the gastrointestinal tract.