Abstract: Flow features in an inkjet printhead. The flow features can include a plurality of first channels, each of the plurality of first channels having a first length and positioned to fluidly communicate with an ink reservoir, and each of the plurality of first channels terminating in a first nozzle. The flow features can further include a plurality of second channels, each of the plurality of second channels having a second length greater than the first length and positioned to fluidly communicate with the ink reservoir, each of the plurality of second channels terminating in a second nozzle, each second nozzle being larger than each first nozzle.

Abstract: An ink jet printer includes a carrier for mounting a first printhead and a second printhead. A first ink reservoir is coupled in fluid communication with the first printhead, and contains a chromatic dye-based ink. A second ink reservoir is coupled in fluid communication with the second printhead, and contains a chromatic pigment-based ink.

Abstract: An improved ink jet printhead for an ink jet printer and method therefor. The printhead includes a semiconductor substrate containing ink ejection devices. A thick film layer is attached to the substrate. A nozzle plate is attached to the thick film layer. The nozzle plate contains a plurality of ink ejection nozzles corresponding to the ink ejection devices. The printhead contains flow features having a height dimension and a width dimension formed therein for flow of ink to the plurality of ink ejection devices for ejection through the nozzles. At least a portion of the flow feature dimensions for at least one of the nozzles is formed in both the thick film layer and laser ablated in the nozzle plate, wherein the thick film layer contains at least 12% of the flow feature dimensions.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure may be covered with a thermally decomposing film. That film may then be covered by a sealing cover. Subsequently, the thermally decomposing material may be decomposed, forming a cavity.

Abstract: In one method, two light signals, of the same optical frequency, but having orthogonal states of polarization, are transmitted through an optical device and the mean signal delay of each of the light signals is measured. Calculations, based upon disclosed relationships, provide the polarization-independent delay (&tgr;0) through the optical device based upon the mean signal delays (&tgr;g1 and &tgr;g(−1)) of each of the light signals. By comparing &tgr;0 at adjacent wavelengths, the chromatic dispersion of the optical device can be accurately measured even in the presence of PMD. In a second, similar method, four light signals of non-degenerate polarizations states that span Stokes space are utilized. In a modification of the above-described methods based on the measurement of pulse delays, the methods are adapted to the measurement of phase delays of sinusoidally modulated signals.

Abstract: Carborane may be used as a precursor to form low dielectric constant dielectrics. The carborane material may be modified to enable it to be deposited by chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and anode for plating copper or other metals onto a barrier or seed layer of a wafer surface is described. A copper layer of uniform thickness is plated on the surface by, for instance, maintaining a constant current density between the anode and wafer surface. Several configurations of anodes are described for obtaining the constant current density.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of forming an air gap using etch back of an inter layer dielectric (ILD) with self-alignment to metal pattern. The method entails forming a first metallization layer deposited on a first dielectric, forming a second metallization layer deposited on a second dielectric, wherein the second metallization layer is spaced apart from the first metallization layer, forming a sacrificial ILD between the first and second metallization layers, forming a diffusion layer over the first and second metallization layers and over the sacrificial ILD, and removing the sacrificial ILD to form an air gap between the first and second metallization layers. This method is particular applicable for dual copper damascene processes.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of providing a substrate, the substrate having a first metal line and a second metal line isolated horizontally by a dielectric; forming an etch stop layer over the substrate; reducing thickness of the etch stop layer over the first metal line, leaving thickness unchanged over the second metal line; forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) over the etch stop layer; and removing the ILD over the second metal line. The present invention further discloses a structure that includes a substrate; a first metal line and a second metal line located over the substrate; a dielectric located over the substrate adjacent to the first metal line and the second metal line; an etch stop layer located over the first metal line, the second metal line, and the dielectric, the etch stop layer being thicker over the second metal line; and a via located over the thicker etch stop layer over the second metal line.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of providing a substrate, the substrate having a first metal line and a second metal line isolated horizontally by a dielectric; forming an etch stop layer over the substrate; reducing thickness of the etch stop layer over the first metal line, leaving thickness unchanged over the second metal line; forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) over the etch stop layer; and removing the ILD over the second metal line.

Abstract: In one method, two light signals, of the same optical frequency, but having orthogonal states of polarization, are transmitted through an optical device and the mean signal delay of each of the light signals is measured. Calculations, based upon disclosed relationships, provide the polarization-independent delay (&tgr;0) through the optical device based upon the mean signal delays (&tgr;g1 and &tgr;g(−1)) of each of the light signals. By comparing &tgr;0 at adjacent wavelengths, the chromatic dispersion of the optical device can be accurately measured even in the presence of PMD. In a second, similar method, four light signals of non-degenerate polarizations states that span Stokes space are utilized. In a modification of the above-described methods based on the measurement of pulse delays, the methods are adapted to the measurement of phase delays of sinusoidally modulated signals.

Abstract: A narrowband communication system provides wideband data services in a secondary service band. This limits the impact on primary services in peak traffic regions in that the primary service band is not required to download wideband data from a communication node (e.g., a satellite) to a mobile terminal. The narrowband communication system implements a handoff protocol (400) that rate negotiates a channel bandwidth of an active connection (404) to the amount of channels that are available in a new cell. The narrowband communication system preempts (414) lower priority subscribers when a higher priority (408) high-speed data terminal requires access to the system and a requested channel assignment is not available (412). The complexity of a high-speed data terminal communication chipset is reduced by a receiver design that minimizes the range of frequencies that are required to be demodulated.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of providing a substrate, the substrate having a first metal line and a second metal line isolated horizontally by a dielectric; forming an etch stop layer over the substrate; reducing thickness of the etch stop layer over the first metal line, leaving thickness unchanged over the second metal line; forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) over the etch stop layer; and removing the ILD over the second metal line. The present invention further discloses a structure that includes a substrate; a first metal line and a second metal line located over the substrate; a dielectric located over the substrate adjacent to the first metal line and the second metal line; an etch stop layer located over the first metal line, the second metal line, and the dielectric, the etch stop layer being thicker over the second metal line; and a via located over the thicker etch stop layer over the second metal line.

Abstract: A plurality of orbiting satellites (102-112), each comprised of an onboard computer (142). Each of the orbiting satellites and a plurality of ground-based computers (114-124) are utilized to perform delay-insensitive functions associated with the orbiting satellites. An ubiquitous data link (128-138) is maintained between each satellite and one or more of the ground-based computers. The integrated system is configured to allow a satellite to generate a remote procedure call (RPC), transmit the RPC to a ground-based computer, whereupon the ground-based computer processes the RPC and transmits a response back to the satellite. Delay-sensitive tasks and functions are performed by the computer onboard the satellite; delay-insensitive tasks are advantageously performed by the ground-based computer assets.

Abstract: Four different light signals, all of the same optical frequency, but, having different states of polarization, are transmitted through an optical device and the mean signal delay of each of the light signals is measured. Calculations, based upon the relationship, &tgr;g=&tgr;0−½ {right arrow over (&OHgr;)}·{overscore (s)}, describing the polarization dependence of &tgr;g (a measured mean signal delay) through the device as a function of &tgr;0 (a polarization independent delay component of the device), {right arrow over (&OHgr;)} (the PMD vector at the device input) and {overscore (s)} (the input Stokes vector of the light signal), yield the PMD of the device. Also, by comparing data taken at adjacent wavelengths, the chromatic dispersion of the optical device can be accurately measured even in the presence of PMD.

Abstract: The T-Pad is a computer that allows a user to physically record and view different types of information simultaneously without conflicts between information by way of two screens and with the aid of a stylus. The T-Pad's second screen/display replaces a physical keyboard however the T-Pad accommodates for a keyboard and other input and output devices. The T-Pad is only limited to ones' imagination for usage and should acknowledge by sight that the T-Pad is a creative format of computer hardware.

Abstract: A radial planar fuel cell stack comprises an internal manifold having a first interior cavity and a second interior cavity. A plurality of single cells having an anode layer, a cathode layer, and an electrolyte layer therebetween are disposed about the manifold. A manifold bracket operatively fixes the manifold to at least one of the single cells. The manifold bracket describes a channel in communication with at least one of the first and second interior cavities. A porous element is disposed in the channel and ensures uniform distribution of gases over 360°.

Abstract: A sealant for a solid oxide fuel cell comprises a glass material that acts as a matrix, with the glass material being present between about 40 to 90 wt. %. A gap-filler material is also in the sealant and selected from the group consisting of a metal material and a ceramic material, with the gap-filler material being present between about 10 to 60 wt. %. The sealant can seal a gap as large as about 3 mm.

Abstract: A communication system is established for providing dual-coverage areas using communication satellites, one or more terrestrial stations and one or more dual-coverage subscriber units (DCSU). The communication system determines when and where to establish dual-coverage areas. Dual-coverage areas are provided using separate beams from two or more satellites. The satellites can be located in a variety of orbits around the earth. DCSUs receive signals and process data from at least two satellites at one time. DCSUs can also transmit signals to at least two satellites at one time. Data packets which are missing from one channel are replaced by data packets on another channel. Path delays are compensated for on the transmit side to minimize processing requirements on the receive side.

Abstract: In a satellite communication system (10), a subscriber unit (26) is assigned a communication channel (17). The channel is used in the present cell (54) as well as subsequent cells (54) as the cells move relative to the earth. The channel is assigned using a cost function which includes a distance factor and an isolation factor. The distance factor which is based on a geographic distance between the nearest use of an interfering channel and the subscriber unit's cell. The isolation factor includes an interference potential between two channels. As a result of this channel assignment process, channels become associated with the geographic location of the subscriber unit. Accordingly, subscriber unit communications on the same satellite are handed-off between cells using the same channel making hand-offs invisible to the subscriber unit (26). When a hand-off is needed to another satellite, the same channel may also be used, or a new channel assigned using the cost function.