Abstract: A method of determining risk includes comparing case data with a collection of profiles, selecting profiles from the collection of profiles, and aggregating the outcomes associated with the selected profiles to determine the risk associated with the case data.

Abstract: A method for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts and similar organisms comprising irradiating water with ultraviolet light in doses of from about 1 mJ/cm2 to about 175 mJ/cm2.

Abstract: A method for prevention of cryptosporidium oocysts and similar organisms in water by irradiating the water with ultraviolet light in a range of 200 to 300 nm in doses of about 10 mJ/cm.sup.2 to 175 mJ/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A transparent, fixed tint glass lens is provided having a thickness of between about 1.0 mm and about 1.8 mm and which is derived from an alkali silicate composition containing, in terms of weight percent on an oxide basis, at least 6.2% iron oxides, at least 0.03% cobalt oxide and at least 0.12% nickel oxide in the presence of an oxidizing agent such as arsenic oxide. Preferably, the lenses have a transmittance of not more than 1% of ultraviolet radiation at 380 nm.

Abstract: A process for treating an aqueous waste water or groundwater containing organic contaminants degradable by hydrated electrons comprises contacting the aqueous waste water or groundwater with an agent which generates hydrated electrons on photolysis. Additionally, the aqueous waste water or groundwater is irradiated with UV light to photolyse the hydrated electron generating agent, thereby generating hydrated electrons to degrade the contaminants. In one embodiment, the aqueous waste water or groundwater is contacted with the hydrated electron generating agent and a reducing agent to recycle the hydrated electron generating agent.

Abstract: A "molecular p-n junction" is formed by an organic compound which has a molecular portion susceptible of electron donation and another molecular portion susceptible of electron acceptance, each of these two portions being within the same compound or molecule and interconnected by a linkage portion. Thus the compound consists of three molecular parts which may in other environments exist as separate molecules. The electron donation molecule and electron acceptance molecule are separated by an intramolecular linkage or chain so that the three form one composite molecule. The donor and acceptor molecules, if the intermolecular linkage is adequate and generally in the preferred range of 15 A to 25 A, or generally between 10 A to 40 A, is susceptible, under the influence of light, of donating an electron to the acceptor. As such, the compound functions as a "molecular p-n junction".

Abstract: A photochemical device for conversion of visible light to electricity comprising one or more monolayers of dye material such as chlorophyll, an electron acceptor monolayer of saturated fatty acid between suitable electrode layers, all formed or mounted on a suitable substrate sheet.