Abstract: An embodiment of a probe includes a sensor and a support. The sensor is operable to provide an indication of a thickness of a frozen substance that has accumulated between the sensor and a cooling fin of a cooling unit, and the support is operable to hold the sensor spaced apart from the cooling fin. For example, a defrost controller may use an embodiment of such a probe to monitor an amount of frost build up on the fin or fins of a cooling unit (e.g., a refrigeration or freezer unit) so that the controller may initiate a defrost cycle only when warranted. Such a probe may be more reliable than other defrost-detection techniques, and such a defrost controller may increase the cooling and energy efficiencies of a cooling unit as compared to a cooling unit having a conventional defrost controller.

Abstract: A probe includes a sensor and a support. The sensor is operable to provide an indication of a thickness of a frozen substance that has accumulated between the sensor and a cooling fin of a cooling unit, and the support is operable to hold the sensor spaced apart from the cooling fin. When a defrost controller uses such a probe to monitor an amount of frost build up on the fin or fins of a cooling unit (e.g., a refrigeration unit or freezer unit), the defrost controller can initiate a defrost cycle only when warranted, e.g., only when the thickness of the built-up frost equals or exceeds a threshold thickness.

Abstract: An embodiment of a probe includes a sensor and a support. The sensor is operable to provide an indication of a thickness of a frozen substance that has accumulated between the sensor and a cooling fin of a cooling unit, and the support is operable to hold the sensor spaced apart from the cooling fin. For example, a defrost controller may use an embodiment of such a probe to monitor an amount of frost build up on the fin or fins of a cooling unit (e.g., a refrigeration or freezer unit) so that the controller may initiate a defrost cycle only when warranted. Such a probe may be more reliable than other defrost-detection techniques, and such a defrost controller may increase the cooling and energy efficiencies of a cooling unit as compared to a cooling unit having a conventional defrost controller.

Abstract: Automated Interval Timing Method Devices and System for automatically timing a plurality of moving entities over a course with predetermined finish line are delineated. Each moving entity wears, carries or has mounted on it a timing unit which is actuated by an acoustic starting signal. A device is located at the finish line so as to create an acoustic field that is narrow in the direction of travel of the moving entities. As each moving entity crosses the finish line, the timing unit detects the finish line acoustic field and records and displays the elapsed time from the acoustic starting signal to the crossing of the finish line. More particularly the timing system comprises wearable or mountable stopwatches, and an array of narrow-beam acoustic transmitters located at the finish line. Each participant or vehicle in a race wears or carries a stopwatch. Each stopwatch is started by the sound of a starting pistol or an electronically generated starting tone or other distinctive acoustic starting signal.

Abstract: Methods, devices and system for measuring the speed of the watercraft relative to the water through which it travels. An embodiment comprises two streamlined fins configured to extend at least partially below the waterline. The fins are oriented parallel to the water flow so that as the watercraft moves, the water flows in between the fins in a smooth unobstructed motion. One piezoelectric transducer is mounted in each fin so that the acoustic signal path between the transducers is a straight line. The transducers are offset upstream and downstream so that water flow between the fins can significantly affect the acoustic signal travel time between the upstream and downstream sensors.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in automatic determination of the denominations of currency bills employs a light scanner to produce pixel signals representative of light pixels from bill surface portions extending across bill sides The pixel signals representative of side and top edges of the printing on the bill surface are found and used to generate a deskewed array of pixels representative of bill corner images that include the bill's denomination numbers Pixel signals indicative of light passed through bill portions enable the detection of a security thread in a bill A hierarchial technique for determining bill denominations is described