Abstract: A method of treating atrial fibrillation through minimal access ablation to form atrial lesions on the dome of the atrium.

Abstract: The present application discloses a tissue marker that may be permanently applied to cardiac (or other) tissue by means such as, but not limited to, a minimally-invasive procedure to allow for pre- and post-op lesion site testing, with the marker also preferably being radiopaque to facilitate post-op imaging. More specifically, the marker may preferably comprise or include an electrode as part of an integrated assembly. The marker may be mounted on the tissue with a suitable tissue retention member for securing the marker in place. The disclosed examples include one or more tissue retention members, and in an exemplary embodiment comprises a pair of clips for securing the assembly to a target tissue. Each retention member or clip has a conductive lead with an electrically conductive surface in the form of a patch associated therewith.