Abstract: A process for carboxylation of a furoate slurry to produce FDCA, especially 2,5-FDCA, includes the steps of: feeding a slurry containing a suspension fluid, furoate, a surfactant and an alkali metal carbonate to a carboxylation reactor; and feeding a flow of CO2 to the carboxylation reactor at flow conditions sufficient to suspend the slurry in the reactor and react the furoate with CO2 to form 2,5-FDCA. A fully integrated process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for carboxylation of a furoate slurry to produce FDCA, especially 2,5-FDCA, includes the steps of: feeding a slurry containing a suspension fluid, furoate, a surfactant and an alkali metal carbonate to a carboxylation reactor; and feeding a flow of CO2 to the carboxylation reactor at flow conditions sufficient to suspend the slurry in the reactor and react the furoate with CO2 to form 2,5-FDCA. A fully integrated process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process comprises passing a contaminated gaseous stream through a photocatalytic stage and, thereafter, through a catalytic stage.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a catalyst is described which comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, and chromium distributed over a catalyst support comprising a material containing at least one of silicon, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, aluminum, and activated carbon. The catalyst is used to remove phosgene from a contaminated gas stream and/or reduce or eliminate phosgene from an effluent of a previously treated gas stream. At least one metal in the catalyst of the present invention is preferably present in an amount from about 0.001 wt % to about 15 wt %. When more than one metal is present, the combined metals preferably do not exceed 20 wt %. Catalysts in accordance with the present invention may be used as photocatalysts. Processes for using the catalysts and photocatalysts of the present invention are also described.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a catalyst is described which comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, and chromium distributed over a catalyst support comprising a material containing at least one of silicon, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, aluminum, and activated carbon. The catalyst is used to remove phosgene from a contaminated gas stream and/or reduce or eliminate phosgene from an effluent of a previously treated gas stream. At least one metal in the catalyst of the present invention is preferably present in an amount from about 0.001 wt % to about 15 wt %. When more than one metal is present, the combined metals preferably do not exceed 20 wt %. Catalysts in accordance with the present invention may be used as Photocatalysts. Processes for using the catalysts and Photocatalysts of the present invention are also described.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a catalyst is described which comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, and chromium distributed over a catalyst support comprising a material containing at least one of silicon, titanium, zirconium, magnesium, aluminum, and activated carbon. The catalyst is used to remove phosgene from a contaminated gas stream and/or reduce or eliminate phosgene from an effluent of a previously treated gas stream. At least one metal in the catalyst of the present invention is preferably present in an amount from about 0.001 wt % to about 15 wt %. When more than one metal is present, the combined metals preferably do not exceed 20 wt %. Catalysts in accordance with the present invention may be used as photocatalysts. Processes for using the catalysts and photocatalysts of the present invention are also described.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the conversion of contaminants in an oxygen containing contaminated stream comprises passing the oxygen containing contaminated stream over a photocatalyst comprising titanium, zirconium and silica while irradiating the foregoing catalyst with ultraviolet light.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the oxidation of gaseous contaminants for the control of air pollution, comprises a two stage process comprising a photolytic stage followed by a photocatalytic stage.

Abstract: A process comprises passing a contaminated gaseous stream through a photocatalytic stage and, thereafter, through a catalytic stage.

Abstract: A copolymer of maleic anhydride and an alkyl vinyl ether is stabilized by contacting same with a non-reactive substantially moisture free gas at a temperature of from about 30.degree.-100.degree. C. for from about 0.5-24 hours. The copolymer is preferably prepared by reacting together maleic anhydride and an alkyl vinyl ether in the presence of a free radical initiator.

Abstract: A copolymer of maleic anhydride and an alkyl vinyl ether is prepared with substantially reduced benzene content by first contacting the alkyl vinyl ether with activated charcoal and then reacting together the charcoal treated alkyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride in the presence of a free radical initiator.

Abstract: A process for enhancement of the cetane number of a diesel fuel which in one embodiment comprises:(1) treating a diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent in a nitrogen amount, equivalent on a 100% nitric acid basis, to about 10 weight percent or less of the diesel oil feed;(2) removing unreacted nitrogenous treating agent from the diesel oil of step (1) to produce a treated diesel oil, and;(3) blending the treated diesel oil of step (2) with an untreated diesel oil to produce a blended diesel fuel such that the added nitrogen content in the blended diesel fuel is(a) about 300 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from virgin diesel oil stock; or(b) about 450 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from hydrotreated diesel oil stock.

Abstract: A process for purifying hydrocarbonaceous oils containing heteroatom sulfur and heteroatom nitrogen compound impurities comprising the steps of:(1) reacting said hydrocarbonaceous oil with an oxidizing gas containing at least one nitrogen oxide with more than one oxygen atom for each nitrogen atom while maintaining(a) the molar ratio of the nitrogen oxide to the total of the sulfur heteroatom content and the nitrogen heteroatom content to about 1.5:1 or less,(b) the reaction time to about one hour or less,(c) the temperature to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for reducing nitric oxide with ammonia in the presence of a copper-exchanged mordenite catalyst at a temperature between about 300.degree. F. and 800.degree. F.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing nitric oxide in a gas with ammonia in the presence of a base metal catalyst pretreated with sulfur, selenium or a sulfur compound positioned in a reactor. The catalyst is deposited on a substrate or confined between gas-permeable walls and arranged to form open channels through which the nitric oxide-containing gas thereby effects low pressure drop through the reactor.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of carbon disulfide from a flue gas. A stream of sulfur dioxide is removed from a flue gas and introduced into a first reduction reactor containing a chromium promoted iron oxide catalyst where the sulfur dioxide is reduced to carbonyl sulfide. The carbonyl sulfide is introduced into a second reduction reactor which contains an active alumina catalyst. The carbonyl sulfide decomposes to carbon disulfide which is recovered.

Abstract: Base metal catalysts are pretreated with selenium, sulfur or sulfur compounds. Subsequently, a gaseous stream comprising nitric oxide, oxygen and ammonia is passed over the pretreated catalysts. The nitric oxide is reduced to nitrogen and no nitrous oxide is formed.

Abstract: Base metal catalysts are pretreated with selenium, sulfur or sulfur compounds. Subsequently, a gaseous stream comprising nitric oxide, oxygen and ammonia is passed over the pretreated catalysts. The nitric oxide is reduced to nitrogen and no nitrous oxide is formed.

Abstract: Method of activating a catalyst composite comprising particles of a catalytic metals-free crystalline zeolitic molecular sieve dispersed in a gel matrix comprising silica-alumina, a Group VI hydrogenating component and a Group VIII hydrogenating component, which method comprises heating said catalyst composite in an oxygen-containing gas stream at 1200.degree. to 1600.degree.F. for 0.25 to 48 hours, and the catalyst composite so activated.