Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for producing a unique metals-containing anisotropic pitch suitable for carbon fiber manufacture. Soluble, aromatic-organometallic compounds are added to a carbonaceous feedstock which is substantially free of mesophase pitch and the resulting composition is heat soaked to produce an isotropic pitch product containing mesogens and soluble, aromatic-organometallic compounds. Next, the pitch product is solvent fractionated to separate mesogens which contain metals from the organometallic compounds. The metals-containing mesogens are heated to a temperature sufficient to cause fusion to produce a metals-containing mesophase pitch. In another method, the carbonaceous feedstock is heat soaked to produce an isotropic pitch product containing mesogens and high molecular weight, soluble, aromatic-organometallic compounds are added to the mesogen containing isotropic pitch product prior to solvent fractionation.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for producing a unique metals-containing anisotropic pitch suitable for carbon fiber manufacture. Soluble, aromatic-organometallic compounds are added to a carbonaceous feedstock which is substantially free of mesophase pitch and the resulting composition is heat soaked to produce an isotropic pitch product containing mesogens and soluble, aromatic-organometallic compounds. Next, the pitch product is solvent fractionated to separate mesogens which contain metals from the organometallic compounds. The metals-containing mesogens are heated to a temperature sufficient to cause fusion to produce a metals-containing mesophase pitch.In another method, the carbonaceous feedstock is heat soaked to produce an isotropic pitch product containing mesogens and high molecular weight, soluble, aromatic-organometallic compounds are added to the mesogen containing isotropic pitch product prior to solvent fractionation.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for producing a unique metals-containing anisotropic pitch suitable for carbon fiber manufacture. Soluble, aromatic-organometallic compounds are added to a carbonaceous feedstock which is substantially free of mesophase pitch and the resulting composition is heat soaked to produce an isotropic pitch product containing mesogens and soluble, aromatic-organometallic compounds. Next, the pitch product is solvent fractionated to separate mesogens which contain metals from the organometallic compounds. The metals-containing mesogens are heated to a temperature sufficient to cause fusion to produce a metals-containing mesophase pitch.In another method, the carbonaceous feedstock is heat soaked to produce an isotropic pitch product containing mesogens and high molecular weight, soluble, aromatic-organometallic compounds are added to the mesogen containing isotropic pitch product prior to solvent fractionation.

Abstract: Isotropic pitch containing mesogens is combined with a solvent and subjected to dense phase or supercritical conditions and the mesogens are phase separated. In one aspect the isotropic pitch containing mesogens is fluxed with a solvent to solubilize the mesogens, the flux mixture is filtered to remove nonsolubles and the mesogens are phase separated by use of the same solvent under dense phase or supercritical conditions of temperature and pressure. The phase separation conditions are such that the mesogens are recovered as mesophase.

Abstract: An internally-fired vertical shaft kiln for calcining coke wherein a downwardly moving coke bed has a co-current preheat gas stream in the upper portion of the kiln and a counter-current combustion gas stream in the lower portion of the kiln. Both gases are removed at the midportion of the kiln. Combustion air is introduced to the kiln through an inclined grate at the bottom of the kiln which retains a layer of coke thereon for internal combustion. The calcined coke moves over the combusting coke layer on the grate and then through a passage to a cooling chamber where a gas stream is passed through the calcined coke for cooling. The gas stream heated in the cooling chamber can be used as the co-current gas preheat stream in the upper section of the kiln.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon oil is subjected to hydrogen donor diluent cracking under conditions of high temperature, moderate pressure and short residence time.

Abstract: Vacuum resid and cracked residuum such as decant oil or thermal tar are processed together to reduce the ultimate yield of coke, asphalt and fuel oil. The vacuum resid is donor cracked, and the donor cracker effluent is quenched with decant oil or thermal tar and then fractionated. Fractionator bottoms are vacuum distilled, and vacuum tower overheads are hydrogenated to produce donor for the donor cracker.

Abstract: A oil shale retorting process in which oil shale particles are separated into fines and large particles. The large particles are preheated and combined with hot spent shale from a combustor and introduced into a retorting vessel. The fines are introduced into the disengaging section of the retorting vessel. Retort vapors are processed to produce an upgraded syncrude. The portion of the retort vessel where the oil shale and spent shale are introduced has a smaller diameter than the retorting section.

Abstract: A petroleum refinery vacuum residuum stream is subjected to hydrogen donor diluent cracking, the liquid cracking effluent is hydrodesulfurized, the hydrodesulfurizer effluent is fractionated, and the fractionator bottoms stream is fed to a delayed coker where premium type delayed coke is produced. The gas oil boiling range fraction from the fractionator is utilized as the donor diluent in the cracking step.