Abstract: An emulsified water-blended fuel composition comprising: (A) about 50% to about 99% by weight of a hydrocarbon fuel; (B) about 1% to about 50% by weight of water; (C) about 0.1% to about 10% of a minor emulsifying amount of at least one fuel-soluble salt comprised of (I) a first acylating agent, said first acylating agent having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent of about 20 to 500 carbon atoms and a molecular weight (Mn) in the range of about 500 Mn to 10,000 Mn, (II) a second acylating agent, said second acylating agent selected from the group consisting of monocarboxylic agents, polycarboxylic agents, dicarboxylic agents and combinations thereof; and wherein said second acylating agent has at least 1 hydrocarbyl substituent of up to about 35 carbon atoms and reacting said carboxylic acylating agents (I) and (II) with (III) an ammonia or an amine to form a salt; (D) about 0.001% to about 15% by weight of the water-soluble salt distinct from component (C).

Abstract: An improved oil and gas drilling control system which utilizes improved braking and feedback technology which, in turn, permits more precise weight-on-bit control and more smooth transitions of weight-on-bit than any existing technology. In addition, the system also permits more accurate feedback and control with respect to drilling depth, pipe transitions, and rate of penetration than prior systems.

Abstract: A cage nut assembly includes a nut and a cage wrapped therearound. The nut has a number of stand-offs or protrusions provided on a lower surface thereof such that the stand-offs are the only part of the nut which are in contact with the cage. The stand-offs reduce the amount of bearing surface interface between the cage and the nut thus reducing the possibility that the two parts will stick to each other after a coating is applied to the mating surface which the cage is welded to. The nut is engaged by a male threaded fastener which is torqued into place and the stand-offs push into the material of the cage causing the cage material to flow out of the way such that the stand-offs embed into the material of the cage without deforming the stand-offs to a flattened condition.

Abstract: Smokable rods of cigarettes are manufactured using wrapping materials that incorporate at least one fibrous material (e.g., flax fibers, hardwood pulp fibers and/or softwood pulp fibers) at least one filler material (e.g., calcium carbonate in particulate form). The wrapping materials possess multi-layer coatings. The wrapping materials possess coatings in the form of series of spaced apart bands, each band possessing a series of layers. At least one of the coating layers can have a filler material dispersed or suspended within a film-forming material of that layer.

Abstract: A torque transferring device is provided having a rotating drive shaft and planetary gear sets that are linked to a rotating chamber, keyed to the drive shaft, to turbomachinery within the chamber. Fluid is fed to the chamber through an axial passage in the drive shaft and is compressed by a number of mechanisms, including set of pump blades, turbine and reaction blades initially driven by the drive shaft and its starter motor. Bubbles within the fluid are subjected to high pressures causing combustion to occur within the bubbles. Additional pressure created by the combustion of the bubbles drives the fluid to exert a torque on the drive shaft through the gearing mechanism, thereby generating power.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for removing residual magnetization in a data transducer, such as a recording head used to write data to a recording medium in a data storage device. A residual magnetization sense circuit senses a residual magnetization of a pole of the data transducer as a result of the application of a data transmission current to the transducer. A demagnetization current generator removes the residual magnetization by supplying the transducer with a demagnetizing current that decreases to a final magnitude in accordance with a selected profile. The demagnetization current preferably comprises a bi-directional, time varying current of selected frequency to the transducer that tapers linearly, exponentially or in a step-wise fashion to the final magnitude. The demagnetization profile is preferably continuously adapted during operation.

Abstract: Smokable rods of cigarettes are manufactured using wrapping materials that incorporate at least one fibrous material (e.g., flax fibers, hardwood pulp fibers and/or softwood pulp fibers) at least one filler material (e.g., calcium carbonate in particulate form). The wrapping materials possess multi-layer coatings. The wrapping materials possess coatings in the form of series of spaced apart bands, each band possessing a series of layers. At least one of the coating layers can have a filler material dispersed or suspended within a film-forming material of that layer.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the following structural formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and hydrates thereof, wherein: n is 2, 3, or 4 and W is CH2, CH(OH), C(O) or O; R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl-alkyl, heteroaryl-alkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, or t-butyl; R2 is H, alkyl, haloalkyl or phenyl; Y is an unsubstituted or substituted thiophen-2,5-diyl or phenylene; R3 is alkyl or haloalkyl; R4 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, naphthyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, quinolyl, pyridyl or benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl group; and R5 is H, alkyl, or aminoalkyl; are useful for modulating a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, particularly in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: A test stand and related method for testing a hydraulic oscillator cylinder having an oscillating drive includes gas-filled shock absorbers for reacting oscillating movement of the oscillating drive to simulate operational load conditions of the oscillator cylinder. The shock absorbers are mounted on a rigid structure and preferably abut an oscillating member mountable on the oscillating drive to react the oscillating movement thereof. The oscillating member may be disposed between a pair of rigid members on which the shock absorbers are mounted whereby one set of shock absorbers reacts movement of the oscillating member in one direction and another set reacts movement of the oscillating member in the opposite direction. Translating structure may extend between the oscillating member and oscillating drive and through a hole in one of the rigid members. Guide shafts may guide oscillating movement of the oscillating member. Gas pressure within the shock absorbers may be controlled.

Abstract: A combustion engine is provided having a rotating drive shaft and planetary gear sets that are linked to a rotating chamber, keyed to the drive shaft, to turbomachinery within the chamber. Fluid is fed to the chamber through an axial passage in the drive shaft and is compressed by a number of mechanisms, including set of pump blades, turbine and reaction blades initially driven by the drive shaft and its starter motor. Bubbles within the fluid are subjected to high pressures causing combustion to occur within the bubbles. Additional pressure created by the combustion of the bubbles drives the fluid to exert a net torque on the drive shaft through the gearing mechanism, thereby generating power.

Abstract: Cigarettes are manufactured using modified automated cigarette making apparatus. Those cigarettes possess smokable rods having paper wrapping materials having additive materials applied thereto as patterns. The additive material can be applied as a coating formulation in an off-line manner to a continuous paper sheet web that is later used for cigarette manufacture. The additive material can be applied as a coating formulation in an on-line manner to continuous paper web moving through an operating cigarette making machine. The coating formulation is applied to the paper web using roll applicator techniques, ink jet printing techniques or electrostatic precipitation techniques. Liquid coating formulation are curable, and are virtually absent of solvent or liquid carrier. Radiation, such as ultraviolet or electron beam radiation, is used to solidify and fix polymerizable liquid components of the coating formulation that have been applied to the paper web.

Abstract: Error diffusion is performed upon input image data. In one aspect, multiple error diffusion processing elements perform error diffusion on a selected pixel in parallel. In another aspect, the error diffusion logic is integrally formed with a fast local memory in the same electronic device, such as an ASIC. The error data produced by the error diffusion logic for a pixel is buffered in the fast local memory until it is to be used by the error diffusion logic on other pixels. In still another aspect, a first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffer regulates or buffers the color image data between the output of a color conversion system, such as a colorant lookup table, and the input an error diffusion processing element. In yet another aspect, the error diffusion logic has tagging logic that produces and stores an indicator, either in the output data stream itself or in a separate area, to indicate whether a raster contains printable data.

Abstract: Lines of input image data are scaled in a first dimension, the one-dimensionally scaled lines are stored in a buffer memory until a sufficient number of lines have been stored to perform scaling equally in two dimensions, and the stored lines are then scaled in a second dimension to produce image data scaled two-dimensionally by a user-selected scaling percentage. A first image scaling method is used to scale the input image data if the user-selected scaling percentage exceeds a predetermined threshold value, such as 50 percent, and a second scaling method is used if the scaling percentage does not exceed the threshold value. The first method can be, for example, linear interpolation, and the second method can be, for example, averaging.

Abstract: Image pixels are scaled on a conceptual grid having a predetermined number of potential pixel locations, such as 128, between locations of pixels of the input image data. The user-selected scaling percentage can be used to directly locate scaled pixels on the grid. A grid having a relatively large number of potential pixel locations provides a large scaling range. For example, 128 locations can provide a range of up to 12,800 percent.

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Abstract: The gate latch described is for maintaining a wire gate in a closed position between a pair of gateposts embedded in the ground. The gate latch comprises a 36″ piece of #2 chain that is wrapped around the gatepost and secured by ¼″×1″ bolt and lock nut. The gate tension is adjusted by lengthening or shortening the chain. The gatepost is placed in the u-shape portion of the steel rod and pivots around the post when the handle is pushed toward the top wire of the gate. When the handle is in position, the hook on the end of the handle is hooked over the top wire of the gate, and the gate is in the closed position.

Abstract: A package or bag is provided with an easy open re-closable device for allowing ready access to the contents of the bag. The closure device is applied longitudinally in a vertical orientation in plastic bags but the closure device is spaced from the ends. In a layer paper bag, while the position of the closure device is preferably longitudinal, the closure device may have any orientation including a diagonal position. The closure device is incorporated in the fins of a fin bag and the closure devices extends longitudinally of the bag in a vertical direction. The process or making a multi layer paper material with a closure device incorporated therein is carried out in a continuous operation. The process of making zip-fin plastic bag or film containing the fins and closure are performed in a continuous operation.

Abstract: A scanning force microscope system that employs a laser (76) and a probe assembly (24) mounted in a removable probe illuminator assembly (22), that is mounted to the moving portion of a scanning mechanism. The probe illuminator assembly may be removed from the microscope to permit alignment of said laser beam onto a cantilever (30) after removal. This prevents damage to, and shortens alignment time of, the microscope during replacement and alignment of the probe assembly. The scanning probe microscope assembly (240) supports a scanning probe microscope (244). Scanning probe microscope (244) holds a removable probe sensor assembly (242). Removable probe sensor assembly (242) may be transported and conveniently attached to the adjustment station (250) where the probe sensor assembly parameters may be observed and adjusted if necessary. The probe sensor assembly (242) may then be attached to the scanning probe microscope (244).

Abstract: Smokable rods of cigarettes are manufactured using wrapping materials that incorporate at least one fibrous material (e.g., flax fibers, hardwood pulp fibers and/or softwood pulp fibers) at least one filler material (e.g., calcium carbonate in particulate form). The wrapping materials possess multi-layer coatings. The wrapping materials possess coatings in the form of series of spaced apart bands, each band possessing a series of layers. At least one of the coating layers can have a filler material dispersed or suspended within a film-forming material of that layer.