Abstract: Heating devices, systems, and methods of making and using a heating device. Such a heating device includes a tubular body having a passage therethrough, at least an inner layer surrounding the passage, and an outer layer surrounding the inner layer. The inner layer is electrically resistive and the outer layer is electrically insulating, and the passage is sized and configured to receive therethrough a tubing. The heating device further includes electrical contacts located at oppositely-disposed ends of the tubular body. The contacts are configured to functionally couple with a power source to provide an electrical current to the inner layer, such that applying an electrical current to the inner layer increases the temperature of the inner layer.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a device and a process for performing large-scale noncovalent functionalization of 2D materials, with chemical pattern elements as small as a few nanometers, using thermally controlled rotary Langmuir-Schaefer conversion. In particular, the present invention discloses a device comprising a thermally regulated disc driven by a rotor with fine speed control configured to be operable with a Langmuir trough for performing large-scale noncovalent functionalization of 2D materials, achieving ordered domain areas up to nearly 10,000 ?m2, with chemical pattern elements as small as a few nanometers. A process using the device for performing large-scale noncovalent functionalization of 2D materials with chemical pattern elements as small as a few nanometers is within the scope of this disclosure.

Abstract: Heating devices, systems, and methods of making and using a heating device. Such a heating device includes a tubular body having a passage therethrough, at least an inner layer surrounding the passage, and an outer layer surrounding the inner layer. The inner layer is electrically resistive and the outer layer is electrically insulating, and the passage is sized and configured to receive therethrough a tubing. The heating device further includes electrical contacts located at oppositely-disposed ends of the tubular body. The contacts are configured to functionally couple with a power source to provide an electrical current to the inner layer, such that applying an electrical current to the inner layer increases the temperature of the inner layer.