Abstract: A minimal incision maximal access system allows for maximum desirable exposure along with maximum access to the operative field utilizing a minimum incision as small as the METRx and Endius systems. Instead of multiple insertions of dilating tubes the design is a streamlined single entry device to avoid repetitive skin surface entry. The system offers the capability to expand to optimum exposure size for the surgery utilizing hinged bi-hemispherical or oval working tubes applied over an introducer obturator which is controllably dilated to slowly separate muscle tissue. Deeper end working and visualization areas with maximum proximal access and work dimensions are provided to makes the operative procedure safer in application and shorten the surgeons's learning curve because it most closely approximates the ability to use open microdiskectomy techniques.

Abstract: A system and method includes surgical instrumentation, implants, bone graft material, and measurement equipment to enable a spine fusion procedure to proceed more accurately, efficiently and safely by allowing precision measurement of the characteristics of the intervertebral space, selection of and provision of new implants, placement of an intervertebral implant, all where improved healing thereafter takes place.

Abstract: A minimal incision maximal access system allows for maximum desirable exposure along with maximum access to the operative field utilizing a minimum incision as small as the METRx and Endius systems. Instead of multiple insertions of dilating tubes the design is is a streamlined single entry device to avoid repetitive skin surface entry. The system offers the capability to expand to optimum exposure size for the surgery utilizing hinged bi-hemispherical or oval working tubes applied over an introducer obturator which is controllably dilated to slowly separate muscle tissue. Deeper end working and visualization areas with maximum proximal access and work dimensions are provided to makes the operative procedure safer in application and shorten the surgeons's learning curve because it most closely approximates the ability to use open microdiskectomy techniques.

Abstract: A minimal incision maximal access system allows for maximum desirable exposure along with maximum access to the operative field utilizing a minimum incision as small as the METRx and Endius systems. Instead of multiple insertions of dilating tubes the design is is a streamlined single entry device to avoid repetitive skin surface entry. The system offers the capability to expand to optimum exposure size for the surgery utilizing hinged bi-hemispherical or oval working tubes applied over an introducer obturator which is controllably dilated to slowly separate muscle tissue. Deeper end working and visualization areas with maximum proximal access and work dimensions are provided to makes the operative procedure safer in application and shorten the surgeons's learning curve because it most closely approximates the ability to use open microdiskectomy techniques.

Abstract: A minimal incision maximal access system allows for maximum desirable exposure along with maximum access to the operative field utilizing a minimum incision as small as the METRx and Endius systems. Instead of multiple insertions of dilating tubes the design is is a streamlined single entry device to avoid repetitive skin surface entry. The system offers the capability to expand to optimum exposure size for the surgery utilizing hinged bi-hemispherical or oval working tubes applied over an introducer obturator which is controllably dilated to slowly separate muscle tissue. Deeper end working and visualization areas with maximum proximal access and work dimensions are provided to makes the operative procedure safer in application and shorten the surgeons's learning curve because it most closely approximates the ability to use open microdiskectomy techniques.

Abstract: A system and method includes surgical instrumentation, implants, bone graft material, and measurement equipment to enable a spine fusion procedure to proceed more accurately, efficiently and safely by allowing precision measurement of the characteristics of the intervertebral space, selection of and provision of new implants, placement of an intervertebral implant, all where improved healing thereafter takes place.

Abstract: A satellite antenna system employing a dual-band feed horn and dual-band beam forming network. The feed horn provides a common aperture for both satellite uplink and downlink communications signal. The feed horn includes corrugations on an inside surface defining two sets of alternating channels having different depths to create circularly symmetric beams for the uplink and downlink signals. The antenna system includes at least one reflector, where the reflector shape, position, and the configuration of the feed horn, is determined so that the mainlobe of the lower frequency downlink feed signal illuminates the entire reflector, and the mainlobe of the higher frequency uplink feed signal illuminates an inner portion of the reflector. The first sidelobes of the higher frequency feed signal illuminate the outer portion of the reflector so that the uplink and downlink antenna signals have the same beamwidth, and thus cover the same cell size on the Earth.

Abstract: The system and method of the invention includes surgical instrumentation to enable a spine fusion procedure to proceed more accurately, efficiently and safely by allowing precision placement of an intervertebral implant, precision preparation of the area into which the bone graft is placed, and pre-selection of a pre-specified known shape of bone graft. In the order in which they are used, improvements in a distractor, box chisel, curette, an anterior or anterolateral type intervertebral cylindrically directed or peripheral rasp, intervertebrally operated vertebral bone plate shaping rasp, or roughing combination rasp, and an intervertebral sizing tool; any combination of which may be anatomically shaped.

Abstract: The system and method of the invention includes surgical instrumentation, implants, bone graft material, and measurement equipment to enable a spine fusion procedure to proceed more accurately, efficiently and safely by allowing precision measurement of the characteristics of the intervertebral space, selection of and provision of new implants, placement of an intervertebral implant, all where improved healing thereafter takes place.