Abstract: An apparatus for producing shear deformation in a work piece, the apparatus comprising: a processing channel through which the work piece passes, the processing channel including first and second channel sections which intersect at an angle to each other; a plurality of drive members configured to engage sides of the work piece to drive it through the processing channel so that the work piece passes from the first channel section to the second channel section to produce shear deformation in the work piece; and a drive surface disposed at an intersection of the first and second channel sections, the drive surface being configured to engage the work piece and advance it through the intersection, wherein opposing sides of the first channel section are defined by a pair of die faces relative to which the drive members are rotatably fixed, the separation of the die faces being variable in response to thickness variations of the work piece to maintain drive of the work piece through the processing channel.

Abstract: A ball joint having a housing with a cylindrical cavity that has an open receiving end and a closed retaining end receives a polymeric insert and a non-deformable insert therein. The polymeric insert has a cylindrical outer wall that extends upwardly from a base and the interior of the insert defines a concave spherical contour. The non-deformable insert fits into a slot formed in the base of the polymeric insert and rests against the housing's bottom. A ball stud comprising a shank with a spherical ball at one end thereof snaps into the polymeric insert and the non-deformable insert. A retaining ring slips over the shank of the ball stud into the receiving end of the housing and its inner surface also has a spherical contour conforming to the spherical ball. The inserts, the ball of the ball stud and the retainer ring are held in the housing by forming the periphery of the housing at the receiving end to overlay the retaining ring.