Abstract: A photon detection system comprising an avalanche photodiode configured to generate a photodiode signal in response to an incident photon. The photon detection system also comprises a biasing circuit configured to supply a gating signal to the avalanche photodiode. The gating signal is a periodic signal configured to reverse bias the avalanche photodiode above and below its breakdown voltage for photon detection during each period. The photon detection system further comprises a non-reflective filter circuit configured to receive, at an input port, the photodiode signal, and provide, at a first output port, a first filtered output signal by applying a low-pass filter with a first cut-off frequency to the received photodiode signal.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a mechanism by which steroidal quinol compounds confer beneficial ophthalmic effects. The subject compounds possess a lipophilic-hydrophilic balance for transcorneal penetration and are readily reduced into parent phenolic A-ring steroid compounds to provide protection or treatment against various ocular symptoms and disorders. The compounds according to the subject invention appear to be highly advantageous as prodrugs to provide protection and/or treatment against ocular disorders. These prodrugs confer lipid solubility optimal for transocorneal penetration and are readily converted to endogenous reducing agents into active phenolic A-ring steroid compounds. To the extent that these prodrugs have reduced feminizing effects and systemic toxicity, they would be expected to be quite advantageous for protecting or treating the eye against ocular disorders such as cataract or glaucoma without undesired (systemic) side effects).

Abstract: The present invention includes compositions and methods for the protection of one or more central nervous system cells from trauma, when administered before, during or after the trauma, wherein the composition includes an effective amount of a butyrophenone, e.g., a 1-linked phenyl butyrophenone that is electronegative along the butyl chain and/or a Sigma-1 receptor antagonist.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel estrogen-related steroidal quinols and their use as drugs for estrogen replacement therapy. The quinols of the present invention provide improved physicochemical properties, increased bioavailability, and improved distribution into tissues, bone, in the cardiovascular system, and in the CNS (central nervous system) with only a slight estrogenic action or no estrogenic action in the uterus. The compounds are suitable for the production of pharmaceutical agents for use in numerous indications (for example, estrogen replacement therapy, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis).

Abstract: The subject invention provides a mechanism by which steroidal quinol compounds confer beneficial ophthalmic effects. The subject compounds possess a lipophilic-hydrophilic balance for transcomeal penetration and are readily reduced into parent phenolic A-ring steroid compounds to provide protection or treatment against various ocular symptoms and disorders. The compounds according to the subject invention appear to be highly advantageous as prodrugs to provide protection and/or treatment against ocular disorders. These prodrugs confer lipid solubility optimal for transocomeal penetration and are readily converted to endogenous reducing agents into active phenolic A-ring steroid compounds. To the extent that these prodrugs have reduced feminizing effects and systemic toxicity, they would be expected to be quite advantageous for protecting or treating the eye against ocular disorders such as cataract or glaucoma without undesired (systemic) side effects).

Abstract: The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus for assessing a person's menopausal or post-hysterectomy symptoms by providing a first set and a second set of questions to the person, receiving answers to the first set and second set of questions and assessing the person's symptoms based on the received answers. The first set of questions includes four or more questions directed to one or more physical conditions. The second set of questions includes two or more questions directed to one or more medical conditions. The physical conditions may include a duration of the symptoms, a frequency of the symptoms, an episode duration of the symptoms, an intensity of the symptoms, a bothersomeness of the symptoms and an onset age of the symptoms. The medical conditions may include a hysterectomy, a hormone therapy, a non-hormonal therapy and a contraception type.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a mechanism by which steroidal quinol compounds confer beneficial ophthalmic effects. The subject compounds possess a lipophilic-hydrophilic balance for transcorneal penetration and are readily reduced into parent phenolic A-ring steroid compounds to provide protection or treatment against various ocular symptoms and disorders. The compounds according to the subject invention appear to be highly advantageous as prodrugs to provide protection and/or treatment against ocular disorders. These prodrugs confer lipid solubility optimal for transocorneal penetration and are readily converted to endogenous reducing agents into active phenolic A-ring steroid compounds. To the extent that these prodrugs have reduced feminizing effects and systemic toxicity, they would be expected to be quite advantageous for protecting or treating the eye against ocular disorders such as cataract or glaucoma without undesired (systemic) side effects).

Abstract: The present invention includes compositions and methods for the protection of one or more central nervous system cells from trauma, when administered before, during or after the trauma, wherein the composition includes an effective amount of a butyrophenone, e.g., a 1-linked phenyl butyrophenone that is electronegative along the butyl chain and/or a Sigma-1 receptor antagonist.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel estrogen-related steroidal quinols and their use as prodrugs for phenolic estrogens and estrogen analogs. The quinols of the present invention provide improved physicochemical properties, increased bioavailability, and improved distribution into tissues and penetration across the blood-brain barrier when compared to phenolic estrogens and estrogen analogs.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a mechanism by which steroidal quinol compounds confer beneficial ophthalmic effects. The subject compounds possess a lipophilic-hydrophilic balance for transcorneal penetration and are readily reduced into parent phenolic A-ring steroid compounds to provide protection or treatment against various ocular symptoms and disorders. The compounds according to the subject invention appear to be highly advantageous as prodrugs to provide protection and/or treatment against ocular disorders. These prodrugs confer lipid solubility optimal for transocorneal penetration and are readily converted to endogenous reducing agents into active phenolic A-ring steroid compounds. To the extent that these prodrugs have reduced feminizing effects and systemic toxicity, they would be expected to be quite advantageous for protecting or treating the eye against ocular disorders such as cataract or glaucoma without undesired (systemic) side effects).

Abstract: An improved vane for use with a centrifugal throwing apparatus. The vane has a convex leading surface and flared edges to provide a consistent, broad blast pattern and improved vane wear characteristics. In one embodiment, the vane includes a pickup end, a discharge end opposed to the pickup end, and a leading surface connecting the pickup end to the discharge end. A portion of the leading surface is convex in cross section. Two opposed longitudinal edges define the leading surface, with at least one of the edges being outwardly flared. In an alternative embodiment, the vane includes a longitudinal raised rail formed near one edge of the leading surface, the rail being outwardly flared.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel estrogen-related steroidal quinols and their use as drugs for estrogen replacement therapy. The quinols of the present invention provide improved physicochemical properties, increased bioavailability, and improved distribution into tissues, bone, in the cardiovascular system, and in the CNS (central nervous system) with only a slight estrogenic action or no estrogenic action in the uterus. The compounds are suitable for the production of pharmaceutical agents for use in numerous indications (for example, estrogen replacement therapy, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis).

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel estrogen-related steroidal quinols and their use as prodrugs for phenolic estrogens and estrogen analogs. The quinols of the present invention provide improved physicochemical properties, increased bioavailability, and improved distribution into tissues and penetration across the blood-brain barrier when compared to phenolic estrogens and estrogen analogs.

Abstract: An improved vane for use with a centrifugal throwing apparatus. The vane has a convex leading surface and flared edges to provide a consistent, broad blast pattern and improved vane wear characteristics. In one embodiment, the vane includes a pickup end, a discharge end opposed to the pickup end, and a leading surface connecting the pickup end to the discharge end. A portion of the leading surface is convex in cross section. Two opposed longitudinal edges define the leading surface, with at least one of the edges being outwardly flared. In an alternative embodiment, the vane includes a longitudinal raised rail formed near one edge of the leading surface, the rail being outwardly flared.