Abstract: Methods and devices for high-temperature sealing of metallic components to ceramic components. The disclosed methods and devices for sealing enable a first environment containing one or more fluids to be isolated from at least one other environment containing one or more fluids. The seal may operate at least part of the time at an elevated temperature, such as a temperature above 100° C., above 300° C., and, in some embodiments, as high as 1000° C. In a typical embodiment, the elevated temperature may be in the range of 600-800° C. The first and/or second environments may be at elevated pressures for at least some fraction of the time. The elevated pressure may be above 100 psig, above 500 psig, and, in some embodiments, as high as 15,000 psig. In a typical embodiment, the elevated pressure may be in the range of 1,000-5,000 psig, and more specifically 1,500-3,000 psig.

Abstract: A sensor includes an electrode and a seed structure. The electrode is configured to measure current due to movement of particulate matter relative to the electrode. The seed structure is deposited on the electrode. The seed structure includes a plurality of elongated members extending outward from the surface of the electrode. The elongated members are configured to promote charge transfer to particles and/or agglomerates of the particulate matter during operation of the sensor.

Abstract: A sensor includes an electrode and a seed structure. The electrode is configured to measure current due to movement of particulate matter relative to the electrode. The seed structure is deposited on the electrode. The seed structure includes a plurality of elongated members extending outward from the surface of the electrode. The elongated members are configured to promote charge transfer to particles and/or agglomerates of the particulate matter during operation of the sensor.

Abstract: A sensor includes an electrode and a seed structure. The electrode is configured to measure current due to movement of particulate matter relative to the electrode. The seed structure is deposited on the electrode. The seed structure includes a plurality of elongated members extending outward from the surface of the electrode. The elongated members are configured to promote charge transfer to particles and/or agglomerates of the particulate matter during operation of the sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus for administering a therapeutic is provided. In various embodiments, the apparatus includes an ozone generator for producing therapeutic oxygen-ozone mixture. The generator includes an electrochemical cell configured to communicate with an accumulator having an anode, a cathode and a power supply in electrical communication with the anode and the cathode. The power supply is configured to create an electric current between the anode and the cathode such that water in the electrochemical cell electrolyzes to produce ozone and oxygen at the anode.

Abstract: An apparatus for administering a therapeutic is provided. In various embodiments, the apparatus includes a syringe having a barrel and a plunger and having an ozone generator associated therewith. The generator is initiated and a therapeutic gas is accumulated within the barrel, at which point it can be delivered from the barrel into a target site via a needle, thereby delivering therapeutic effects to that target site.

Abstract: An apparatus for administering a therapeutic is provided. In various embodiments, the apparatus includes a syringe having a barrel and a plunger and having an ozone generator associated therewith. The generator is initiated and a therapeutic gas is accumulated within the barrel, at which point it can be delivered from the barrel into a target site via a needle, thereby delivering therapeutic effects to that target site.

Abstract: A sensor includes an electrode and a seed structure. The electrode is configured to measure current due to movement of particulate matter relative to the electrode. The seed structure is deposited on the electrode. The seed structure includes a plurality of elongated members extending outward from the surface of the electrode. The elongated members are configured to promote charge transfer to particles and/or agglomerates of the particulate matter during operation of the sensor.

Abstract: A sensor assembly includes a voltage source, a sensor electrode, a grounded assembly, an integration capacitor, and a current meter. The sensor electrode is coupled to the voltage source to receive a voltage. The sensor electrode is disposed within a directed and controlled exhaust flow to facilitate particle agglomeration into particulate matter structures at a surface of the sensor electrode. The grounded assembly is coupled to a ground reference and disposed at a distance from the sensor electrode. The integration capacitor is coupled to a negative side of the voltage source to integrate in time current pulses from charge transfers from the sensor electrode of the particulate matter structures. The current meter is coupled to the voltage source to measure an integrated value of current supplied to the voltage source in response to charge transfers from the sensor electrode to the particulate matter structures in the exhaust flow.

Abstract: A sensor includes a housing, a central sensor electrode assembly, an insulating member, and a trace. The central sensor electrode assembly is coupled to a supply side of a voltage source. The insulating member is coupled between the housing and the central sensor electrode assembly. The insulating member circumscribes a section of the central sensor electrode assembly. The trace is coupled to the insulating member and circumscribes the section of the central sensor electrode assembly. The trace directs at least a portion of leakage current away from a voltage ground offset on an opposite side of the central sensor electrode assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus for administering a therapeutic is provided. In various embodiments, the apparatus includes a syringe having a barrel and a plunger and having a material treatment module associated with a needle. The material treatment module may be an ozone generator that is initiated such that material containing ozone accumulates within the needle. The material can then be delivered from the barrel into a target site via the needle, thereby delivering therapeutic effects to that target site.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dehydrating, electro-oxidizing, or electro-reducing a target tissue is described. The apparatus utilizes an electrochemical probe or other device to deliver one or more beneficial agents into the target tissue. Water from the target tissue provides a precursor that may be split by electrolysis to generate the beneficial agent. Alternatively, water is provided from an external source to generate the beneficial agent. The beneficial agent facilitates in situ oxidation and/or reduction of a material within the tissue. One type of beneficial agent is ozone.

Abstract: A sensor assembly to measure particulate matter is described. The sensor assembly includes a voltage source, a sensor electrode, a grounded assembly, an integration capacitor, and a current meter. The sensor electrode is coupled to the voltage source to receive a voltage. The sensor electrode is disposed within a directed and controlled exhaust flow within the sensor assembly to facilitate particle agglomeration into particulate matter structures at a surface of the sensor electrode. The grounded assembly is coupled to a ground reference and disposed at a distance from the sensor electrode. The integration capacitor is coupled to a negative side of the voltage source. The integration capacitor is configured to integrate in time current pulses from charge transfers from the sensor electrode of the particulate matter structures.

Abstract: A method for dehydrating, electro-oxidizing, or electro-reducing a target tissue is described. The method utilizes an electrochemical probe or other device to deliver one or more beneficial agents into the target tissue. Water from the target tissue provides a precursor that may be split by electrolysis to generate the beneficial agent. Alternatively, water is provided from an external source to generate the beneficial agent. The beneficial agent facilitates in situ oxidation and/or reduction of a material within the tissue. One type of beneficial agent is ozone.

Abstract: An apparatus for administering a therapeutic is provided. In various embodiments, the apparatus includes a syringe having a barrel and a plunger and having a material treatment module associated with a needle. The material treatment module may be an ozone generator that is initiated such that material containing ozone accumulates within the needle. The material can then be delivered from the barrel into a target site via the needle, thereby delivering therapeutic effects to that target site.

Abstract: An apparatus for administering a therapeutic is provided. In various embodiments, the apparatus includes a syringe having a barrel and a plunger and having a material treatment module associated therewith. The material treatment module may be an ozone generator that is initiated such that material containing ozone accumulates within the barrel. The material can then be delivered from the barrel into a target site via a needle, thereby delivering therapeutic effects to that target site.

Abstract: An apparatus for administering a therapeutic is provided. In various embodiments, the apparatus includes a syringe having a barrel and a plunger and having an ozone generator associated therewith. The generator is initiated and a therapeutic gas is accumulated within the barrel, at which point it can be delivered from the barrel into a target site via a needle, thereby delivering therapeutic effects to that target site.

Abstract: An apparatus for administering a therapeutic is provided. In various embodiments, the apparatus includes a syringe having a barrel and a plunger and having an ozone generator associated therewith. The generator is initiated and a therapeutic gas is accumulated within the barrel, at which point it can be delivered from the barrel into a target site via a needle, thereby delivering therapeutic effects to that target site.

Abstract: A stand-alone apparatus to deliver a sterile, filled syringe to a user. The syringe dispenser includes a controller to accept input from the user and to convert the input into an electrical control signal. The syringe dispenser also includes an ozone generator coupled to the controller. The ozone generator generates ozone on demand according to the input from the user. The user may input a parameter for a concentration and/or a volume of ozone. Additionally, the syringe dispenser includes a syringe preparation station coupled to the ozone generator. The syringe preparation station sterilizes the syringe with a first amount of the ozone and fills the syringe with a second amount of the ozone.

Abstract: Ceramic catalytic compositions, systems, and methods for oxidizing, converting and/or removing NOxgas species present in gas streams such as exhaust gases are provided. The catalysts of the invention oxidize the nitrogen monoxide (NO) in gas streams to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which may be adsorbed by a metal oxide or other NO2 adsorber. Catalysts suitable for use in systems of the present invention include ceramic oxides, mixtures of ceramic oxides, complex ceramic oxides, and mixtures of complex ceramic oxides. Such catalysts are shown herein to successfully achieve an NO-NO2 equilibrium gas composition at temperatures as low as 275° C. In addition, by using the catalyst with an NO2 adsorber, greater than 95% removal of combined NO and NO2 from the gas stream has been successfully demonstrated. Further, specific strategies have been identified to regenerate the catalyst system and restore performance after prolonged exposure to species such as sulfur dioxide (SO2).