Abstract: The design of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna requires consideration of a range of characteristics including, for example, the ability for tracking satellites at low elevation, phase centre variation (PCV), antenna efficiency and impedance, axial ratio and up-down ratio (UDR), antenna bandwidth, etc. whilst also providing a light weight, compact and robust form factor. For rover applications this becomes particularly important when the satellites being accessed may be at low elevations where prior art GNSS antenna exhibit poor performance. To address this a GNSS antenna is provided comprising a domed array of opposed metallized antenna elements which are indirectly coupled via a pair of dipoles to the feed network thereby avoiding the difficulties associated with direct electrical connections of feed circuits to antenna elements.

Abstract: Systems and methods relating to patch antennas. A patch antenna has a substrate, a resonant metal plate at one side of the substrate, and a ground plane at the other opposite side of the substrate. Two feed pins are used to couple the antenna to other circuitry. The feed pins pass through the substrate and holes in at the ground plane. The feed pins are physically disconnected from both the resonant metal plate and the ground plane. The feed pins are capacitively coupled to the resonant metal plate to provide an electronic connection between other circuitry and the patch antenna.

Abstract: Systems and methods relating to patch antennas. A patch antenna has a substrate, a resonant metal plate at one side of the substrate, and a ground plane at the other opposite side of the substrate. Two feed pins are used to couple the antenna to other circuitry. The feed pins pass through the substrate and holes in at the ground plane. The ted pins are physically disconnected from both the resonant metal plate and the ground plane. The feed pins are capacitively coupled to the resonant metal plate to provide an electronic connection between other circuitry and the patch antenna.

Abstract: Systems and methods relating to patch antennas. A patch antenna has a substrate, a resonant metal plate at one side of the substrate, and a ground plane at the other opposite side of the substrate. Two feed pins are used to couple the antenna to other circuitry. The feed pins pass through the substrate and holes in at the ground plane. The feed pins are physically disconnected from both the resonant metal plate and the ground plane. The feed pins are capacitively coupled to the resonant metal plate to provide an electronic connection between other circuitry and the patch antenna.

Abstract: Systems and methods relating to patch antennas. A patch antenna has a substrate, a resonant metal plate at one side of the substrate, and a ground plane at the other opposite side of the substrate. Two feed pins are used to couple the antenna to other circuitry. The feed pins pass through the substrate and holes in at the ground plane. The feed pins are physically disconnected from both the resonant metal plate and the ground plane. The feed pins are capacitively coupled to the resonant metal plate to provide an electronic connection between other circuitry and the patch antenna.

Abstract: A system for treating a polar liquid includes a signal generator for providing an alternating electrical current, and a transducer electrically coupled to the signal generator. The transducer includes a solenoidal coil and two ferromagnetic end pieces at the ends of the coil and transverse thereto. In operation, the transducer is at least partially immersed in a polar liquid and, when energized with the current provides a magnetic field into the liquid, the field may change a property of the liquid, e.g. an interfacial mass transfer rate. This can be used in many different industrial applications.

Abstract: Systems and methods relating to patch antennas. A patch antenna has a substrate, a resonant metal plate at one side of the substrate, and a ground plane at the other opposite side of the substrate. Two feed pins are used to couple the antenna to other circuitry. The feed pins pass through the substrate and holes in at the ground plane. The feed pins are physically disconnected from both the resonant metal plate and the ground plane. The feed pins are capacitively coupled to the resonant metal plate to provide an electronic connection between other circuitry and the patch antenna.

Abstract: For changing a property of a polar liquid a device comprising a signal generator and a transducer is provided adjacent to the liquid or at least partially immersed therein. The signal generator provides an alternating electrical signal to the transducer, wherein the electrical signal is of a frequency and an amplitude to affect the transducer to produce an alternating magnetic field having a magnetic flux density so as to change the property of the polar liquid, wherein a portion of the magnetic field penetrates the liquid, having an effect thereon and providing a change in the property of the liquid at a distance of at least 1 meter from the transducer. The property is a gas exchange rate and the change is at least 5%, or the property is surface tension and the change is at least 1%, or the property is viscosity and the change is at least 0.5%.

Abstract: Systems and methods relating to patch antennas. A patch antenna has a substrate, a resonant metal plate at one side of the substrate, and a ground plane at the other opposite side of the substrate. Two feed pins are used to couple the antenna to other circuitry. The feed pins pass through the substrate and holes in at the ground plane. The feed pins are physically disconnected from both the resonant metal plate and the ground plane. The feed pins are capacitively coupled to the resonant metal plate to provide an electronic connection between other circuitry and the patch antenna.

Abstract: For changing a property of a polar liquid, a transducer including a solenoidal coil is disposed at least partially within the liquid, which is prevented from penetrating the interior of the coil. An alternating electrical current applied to the coil produces a magnetic field about the coil. The current has a frequency and an amplitude such that the magnetic field has an effect on the liquid changing a property of the liquid at a distance of at least 5 meters from the transducer, wherein the property is gas exchange rate, surface tension, viscosity, freezing point, or partial vapor pressure. A system may include two transducers, wherein the electrical currents are offset in phase or frequency for controlling the effect.

Abstract: A system for treating a polar liquid includes a signal generator for providing an alternating electrical current, and a transducer electrically coupled to the signal generator. The transducer includes a solenoidal coil and two ferromagnetic end pieces at the ends of the coil and transverse thereto. In operation, the transducer is at least partially immersed in a polar liquid and, when energized with the current provides a magnetic field into the liquid, the field may change a property of the liquid, e.g. an interfacial mass transfer rate. This can be used in many different industrial applications.

Abstract: Systems and methods relating to patch antennas. A patch antenna has a substrate, a resonant metal plate at one side of the substrate, and a ground plane at the other opposite side of the substrate. Two feed pins are used to couple the antenna to other circuitry. The feed pins pass through the substrate and holes in at the ground plane. The feed pins are physically disconnected from both the resonant metal plate and the ground plane. The feed pins are capacitively coupled to the resonant metal plate to provide an electronic connection between other circuitry and the patch antenna.

Abstract: Systems and methods relating to patch antennas. A patch antenna has a substrate, a resonant metal plate at one side of the substrate, and a ground plane at the other opposite side of the substrate. Two feed pins are used to couple the antenna to other circuitry. The feed pins pass through the substrate and holes in at the ground plane. The feed pins are physically disconnected from both the resonant metal plate and the ground plane. The feed pins are capacitively coupled to the resonant metal plate to provide an electronic connection between other circuitry and the patch antenna.

Abstract: Systems and methods relating to patch antennas and signal combiner circuits. The invention relates to a circuit with discrete capacitors, inductors and amplifiers arrayed in an arrangement with 2 input ports and one output port. The circuit provides a high degree of reverse electrical isolation between the input ports and the output at the radio frequency. The circuit provides an output that is the vector sum of signals present at the first and second input ports. The circuit additionally provides for introduction of a 90 degree phase shift into either of the two inputs. This circuit can be used with dual feed patch antennas.

Abstract: A method for wireless energy transfer in a multipath environment includes transmitting a first energy beam with a first one of a plurality of Power Access Points (PAPs). A second energy beam is transmitted with a second PAP. A reflected beam is formed by the first energy beam reflecting from a reflective surface, wherein the first energy beam constructively interferes with the second energy beam and the reflected beam to form at least one energy bubble. A location of the at least one energy bubble is changed with a control module by adjusting a relative phase between the first energy beam and the second energy beam, wherein the location is sequentially changed to a new location to cover a space including at least one energizable device, and the energy bubble comprises an energy level enabling the energizable device to transmit a reply signal to the first PAP.

Abstract: A system for charging long-range radio frequency identification tags includes a plurality of physically separated transmitters. Each transmitter is configured to direct a respective energy beam to an energy location. A tag is at the energy location. The tag is configured to store a received energy from the energy location, to sense a sensor data and to transmit the sensor data to a reader after a capacitor connected to the tag charges to an operating voltage level. The capacitor is charged by the received energy. A controller is configured to align at the energy location for each of the plurality of transmitters, a respective frequency, and at least one of a respective phase, and a respective polarity of each respective energy beam to maximize an energy level at the energy location in response to a device response of the tag.

Abstract: A method for wireless energy transfer includes forming a plurality of energy beams. Each energy beam includes one or more electromagnetic (EM) waves having a same fundamental frequency as another EM wave of another one of the energy beams. A device response of an energizable device to the plurality of energy beams incident thereon is tracked. The one or more EM waves for each of the plurality of energy beams is directed to power the energizable device. A respective phase of the one or more EM waves for at least one of the energy beams is aligned to another phase of another EM wave of another one of the energy beams. A received power level received by the energizable device is maximized according to the device response by optimizing for at least one of the energy beams, the directing, and the aligning of the phase, of the one or more EM waves.

Abstract: A method for wireless energy transfer in a multipath environment includes transmitting a first energy beam with a first one of a plurality of Power Access Points (PAPs). A second energy beam is transmitted with a second PAP. A reflected beam is formed by the first energy beam reflecting from a reflective surface, wherein the first energy beam constructively interferes with the second energy beam and the reflected beam to form at least one energy bubble. A location of the at least one energy bubble is changed with a control module by adjusting a relative phase between the first energy beam and the second energy beam, wherein the location is sequentially changed to a new location to cover a space including at least one energizable device, and the energy bubble comprises an energy level enabling the energizable device to transmit a reply signal to the first PAP.

Abstract: A method for improved wireless energy transfer includes steering a first energy beam, having a fundamental frequency, towards an energizable device. The first energy beam is formed by a plurality of polarizers of a first power access point (PAP). A first polarity of the first energy beam is aligned at the energizable device to a second polarity of a second energy beam formed by a second PAP, physically separate from, and having a wireless connection to, the first PAP, by combining at each of the polarizers of the first PAP a respective first polarized signal with a respective second polarized signal. The respective second polarized signal is formed by rotating the respective first polarized signal. The second PAP receives a PAP signal via the wireless connection and locally generates the fundamental frequency from the PAP signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods relating to patch antennas and signal combiner circuits. The invention relates to a circuit with discrete capacitors, inductors and amplifiers arrayed in an arrangement with 2 input ports and one output port. The circuit provides a high degree of reverse electrical isolation between the input ports and the output at the radio frequency. The circuit provides an output that is the vector sum of signals present at the first and second input ports. The circuit additionally provides for introduction of a 90 degree phase shift into either of the two inputs. This circuit can be used with dual feed patch antennas.