Abstract: A unit-dose dentifrice composition includes a soluble fibrous composition and a nonfibrous composition. The soluble fibrous composition includes web forming material and tin ion source. The nonfibrous composition includes abrasive. The abrasive and the tin ion source are in separate locations within the unit-dose dentifrice composition.

Abstract: The invention features compositions and methods that are useful for the production of a compound.

Abstract: Improved methods are provided in vitro synthesis of biological molecules, providing for improved yields, lowered costs, and enhanced utility. Improved yield and lowered cost is obtained by the use of a phosphate free energy source in the presence of exogenous phosphate, and optionally in the absence of exogenous nucleoside triphosphates.

Abstract: A process is described for producing a polypeptide heterologous to E. coli wherein E. coli cells comprising nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide are cultured in a culture medium while feeding to the culture medium a transportable organophosphate, such that the nucleic acid is expressed. The polypeptide is then recovered from the cells.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the enhanced in vitro synthesis of protein molecules, by optimizing the metabolism of amino acids present in the reaction mix, preferably all amino acids in the reaction mixture. By performing synthesis with extracts from genetically modified microbial strains that are deficient in multiple amino acid metabolizing enzymes reduces the enzymatic activities responsible for catalyzing these reactions and improves the overall yield of synthesis.

Abstract: Enzymatically active hydrogenase is synthesized in a cell-free reaction. The hydrogenases are synthesized in a cell-free reaction comprising a cell extract derived from microbial strains expressing at least one hydrogenase accessory protein. In some embodiments, the extracts are produced under anerobic conditions.

Abstract: Refractile particles containing a heterologous polypeptide as an insoluble aggregate are recovered from bacterial periplasm. The process involves culturing bacterial cells so as to express nucleic acid encoding phage lysozyme and nucleic acid encoding the heterologous polypeptide under separate promoters, disrupting the cells mechanically to release the phage lysozyme so as to release retractile particles from the bacterial cellular matrix, and recovering the released retractile particles from the periplasm. Chloroform is not used in any step and the recovery step minimizes co-recovery of cellular debris with the released retractile particles.

Abstract: A process is described for producing a polypeptide heterologous to E. coli wherein E. coli cells comprising nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide are cultured in a culture medium while feeding to the culture medium a transportable organophosphate, such that the nucleic acid is expressed. The polypeptide is then recovered from the cells.

Abstract: Biological macromolecules are synthesized in vitro in a thin film that provides for high surface area/volume ratio, allowing improved yield in scaled up reactions.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the improved in vitro synthesis of polypeptides, where the duration of detectable protein synthesis in a reaction is substantially extended over existing methods, thereby providing for increased total yield of polypeptide. Increased synthesis is accomplished by maintaining the concentration of CTP and UTP in the reaction mixture at a pre-determined level. In another embodiment of the invention, increased synthesis is obtained by maintaining the concentration of cysteine and serine at a pre-determined level. The reaction mixture may be supplemented with additional amino acids during the course of the reaction.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the enhanced in vitro synthesis of biological molecules where ATP is required for synthesis. Of particular interest is the synthesis of polymers, e.g. nucleic acids, polypeptides, and complex carbohydrates. Glycolytic intermediates or glucose are used as an energy source, in combination with added NADH or NAD+.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions for producing heterologous disulfide bond containing polypeptides in bacterial cells. In preferred embodiments the methods involve co-expression of a prokaryotic disulfide isomerase, such as DsbC or DsbG and a gene encoding a recombinant eukaryotic polypeptide. Exemplary polypeptides disclosed include tissue plasminogen activator.