Abstract: A method and apparatus for redirecting moving plasma streams using a multiple array of magnetic field generators (e.g., permanent magnets or current bearing wires). Alternate rows of the array have opposite magnetic field directions. A fine wire mesh may be employed to focus as well as redirect the plasma.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating homogenous electromagnetic fields within a volume. The homogeneity provided may be for magnetic and/or electric fields, and for field magnitude, radial gradient, or higher order radial derivative. The invention comprises conductive pathways oriented about a desired region of homogeneity. A corresponding apparatus and method is provided for substantially canceling the electromagnetic field outside of the apparatus, comprising a second set of conductive pathways placed outside the first set.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating homogenous electromagnetic fields within a volume. The homogeneity provided may be for magnetic and/or electric fields, and for field magnitude, radial gradient, or higher order radial derivative. The invention comprises conductive pathways oriented mirror symmetrically about a desired region of homogeneity. A corresponding apparatus and method is provided for substantially cancelling the electromagnetic field outside of the apparatus, comprising a second set of conductive pathways placed outside the first set.

Abstract: A lanthanum hexaboride element, typically of cylindrical configuration, is mounted within a high plasma density cathode enclosure. An inlet is provided to supply gas to the cathode enclosure in the vicinity of the lanthanum hexaboride cathode element, and the element is heated to electron-emitting temperature. A plasma utilization chamber is coupled to receive an electron or plasma stream from the cathode enclosure through an aperture of a suitable size to maintain a relatively high plasma density within the cathode enclosure. The plasma density within the cathode enclosure is preferably above the critical level required for high current emission from the lanthanum hexaboride cathode structure. For example this may be in the order of 3.5 times 10.sup.12 electrons per cubic centimeter for a current density of 10 amperes per square centimeter. The lanthanum hexaboride cathode element is supported on notched graphite rings, and the cathode enclosure is made of tungsten.