Abstract: A process for the purification of crude 4-aminophenol which was prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in aqueous sulfuric acid is described involving: adjusting the pH of an aqueous solution of crude 4-aminophenol to pH 4.0-5.0 at a temperature between 75.degree. C. and 85.degree. C.; mixing the aforesaid solution with toluene as the solvent, in order to extract various impurities and the dissolved nitrobenzene starting material; adjusting the pH of the resultant solution as required to maintain it at pH 4.0-5.0; allowing the resultant mixture to settle thereby forming a top organic layer and a bottom aqueous raffinate layer which raffinate contains 4-aminophenol and the by-product material, ortho-aminophenol; separating the two layers and repeatedly extracting the raffinate layer which toluene at pH 4.0-5.0 at a temperature of 75.degree.-85.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkyl 1,4-dimethyl-3-ethoxycarbonylpyrrole-2-acetate compounds by reacting a diloweralkyl acetone dicarboxylate, a chloromethyl lower alkyl ketone and an aqueous loweralkylamine in the presence of an added organic hydrocarbyl aromatic compound as co-solvent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkyl 1,4-dimethyl-3-ethoxycarbonylpyrrole-2-acetate compounds by reacting in a solvent a diloweralkyl acetone dicarboxylate, a chloromethyl lower alkyl ketone and anhydrous loweralkylamine.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkyl 1,4-dimethyl-3-ethoxycarbonylpyrrole-2-acetate compounds by reacting in a solvent in diloweralkyl acetone dicarboxylate, a chloromethyl lower alkyl ketone and an aqueous loweralkylamine in the presence of solids formation inhibiting amount of a lower alkanol having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Pyrryl-2-acetonitriles corresponding to the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 stands for hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms prepared from dialkyl-(pyrryl-2-methyl)-amine corresponding to the formula ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 is defined as above and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 stand for alkyl groups having 1-4 carbon atoms, are alkylated with alkyl halides such as methyl chloride or methyl bromide to form the corresponding trialkyl-(pyrryl-2-methyl)-ammonium chloride quaternary salts and then reacted with an aqueous solution of alkali cyanide in the presence of a water-immiscible solvent under conditions which provide more economical utilization of reactants and process equipment.

Abstract: A process for preparing 5-aroylpyrrole compounds and recovering them from crude solutions by extracting with a mixed organic extractant such as an aromatic hydrocarbon-alkanol mixture followed by aqueous extraction with a base, decolorizing, and recovering the 5-aroylpyrrole compound for final purification.

Abstract: A process for acylating pyrrole compounds comprising reacting an aroyl halide with the pyrrole compound in the presence of an alkyl aluminum halide. Such acylated pyrrole derivatives are useful as intermediates for the preparation of anti-inflammatory agents and as synthetic intermediates.

Abstract: It is disclosed that water soluble salts of carboxyalkoxy succinic acids are obtained in solid form by crystallization from mixed solvent systems wherein the solvents are water plus a lower alkanol having up to about six carbon atoms per molecule. A particularly preferred alkanol is methanol. The selective production of salts containing various amounts of water of hydration is possible by controlling the ratio of water to alcohol.

Abstract: A process for producing fire retardant phosphonitrilate polymers by reacting phosphonitrilic halide with a hydroxyl compound such as an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol at not more than about 40.degree. C in the presence of an acid acceptor, such as pyridine, under conditions such that a relatively low concentration of the hydroxyl compound is present during the initial 1/2 to 3 hours of the reaction and the reaction conditions are maintained at from 20.degree.-50.degree. C for a period of 1/2 to 120 hours and, optionally, further heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of 40.degree.-80.degree. C for 1/2 to 81/2 hours. The phosphonitrilate polymers are suitable for fire retarding cellulosic materials such as regenerated cellulose, rayon and the like.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of chlorophosphazene mixtures having a high proportion of cyclic trimer and tetramer by preparing a dispersion of finely divided ammonium chloride in an amount sufficient to initiate the formation of chlorophosphazene, then, after heating the dispersion to reflux, co-feeding ammonia and a solution of phosphorus pentachloride in a suitable solvent at a rate such that no free PCl.sub.5 concentration is allowed to exist in the reaction mass, and then recovering the cyclic chlorophosphazene produced.

Abstract: A phosphazene composition is prepared by reacting a fully hydrocarboxylated phosphazene with a partially hydrocarboxylated phosphazene under conditions whereby an organic halide is evolved, in which at least one of the fully and partially hydrocarboxylated phosphazenes are prepared by adding an alkali metal hydrocarboxide to a phosphonitrilic halide whereby the final phosphazene composition contains some --P--ONa bonds, as well as --P--O--P-- bond configurations. The phosphazene compositions are useful as fire retardants for cellulosics.

Abstract: A phosphazene composition is prepared by reacting a fully hydrocarboxylated phosphazene with a partially hydrocarboxylated phosphazene under conditions whereby an organic halide is evolved, in which at least one of the fully and partially hydrocarboxylated phosphazenes are prepared by adding an alkali metal hydrocarboxide to a phosphonitrilic halide whereby the final phosphazene composition contains some --P--ONa bonds, as well as --P--O--P--bond configurations. The phosphazene compositions are useful as fire retardants for cellulosics.

Abstract: A process for producing fire retardant phosphonitrilate polymers by reacting phosphonitrilic halide with a hydroxyl compound such as an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol at not more than about 40.degree.C in the presence of an acid acceptor, such as pyridine, under conditions such that a relatively low concentration of the hydroxyl compound is present during the initial 1/2 to 3 hours of the reaction and the reaction conditions are maintained at from 20.degree.-50.degree.C for a period of 1/2 to 120 hours and, optionally, further heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of 40.degree.-80.degree.C for 1/2 to 81/2 hours. The phosphonitrilate polymers are suitable for fire retarding cellulosic materials such as regenerated cellulose, rayon and the like.

Abstract: A process for manufacture of phosphazene compounds in a liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon reaction medium providing process advantages by reacting therein an alkali metal alkoxide, phenoxide or thiol derivative with a phosphonitrilic halide.