Abstract: A variable dark-field illumination method and apparatus to produce microscopic and macroscopic images with a variable dark-field effect thereby making best use of various detector response characteristics. The variable dark-field of the invention is particularly characterized by an adjustable object contrast which optimizes the use of the various detectors dynamic range. The invention is particularly useful when coupled with a video camera and for macroscopic systems having a large depth object field. The dark-fields of the art have geometries which are objectionable because those geometries have very limited depths of field. The invention is particularly distinguished from the art as the dark-field methods and apparatuses of the art are generally geometrically restrictive and they do not provide variable contrast control for input images.

Abstract: A microscope stage which provides for displacements in simultaneous rotation and linear translation or combinations thereof while also providing for optical coupling of an illumination light source to an object being addressed. The stage can generally be a plurality of optically transparent plates in proximity to one another having a grease interface therebetween. The grease allows movement of the plates with respect to each other in any direction parallel to their surfaces. The grease and plates are arranged to allow light to be transmitted therethrough. An object can be illuminated through the stage from a source located with the stage between the object and the source.

Abstract: A probe assembly for use at a test station for contacting a target on an electrical circuitry component. The probe assembly includes an elongate tubular housing with a base of insulative material rigidly supported in the housing adjacent one end thereof. An interior beam assembly connects a contact block to the base with this beam assembly including a relatively flexible cantilever beam. A relatively rigid second beam assembly extends from the contact block beyond the other end of the housing and holds a probe point for contacting the target. The probe assembly also includes an upper contact held by the housing and extending into the housing cavity toward the contact block, and a lower contact held by the housing and extending into the cavity toward the contact block. The spacing between the upper and lower contacts is greater than the height of the contact block and the surfaces of the contact block facing the contacts are conductive.

Abstract: Embryos and ova are manipulated at a work station that includes a microscope, a stage positioned below the objective the microscope on which an embryo- or ovum-containing sample is placed and micromanipulators and associated tools for operating on or otherwise manipulating the embryo or ovum. The specimen is illuminated with both bright-field illumination and dark-field illumination of contrasting hue to produce a composite image of the embryos or ova with the embryos or ova glowing with the dark-field hue against a bright background. The bright-field is transmitted through an aperture that is narrow to obtain a depth of field that is appropriate to three-dimensional manipulation.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for constructing a hot spot thermocouple includes setup and holding means for holding fine wires, a micrometer table with a microscope, welding and transfer fixtures attachable to the micrometer table for positioning the wires, and a welding device for welding and cutting the wires.