Abstract: The invention relates to lithographically formed, tapered waveguides connectable to optical fibers. A tapered waveguide is formed by imagewise exposing, in an oxygen containing atmosohere, and developing a lithographic composition on a substrate. Exposure is conducted by a converging beam of laser light which has a greater intensity a the bottom surface of the coating composition, a lesser intensity at the top surface, and a gradually decreasing intensity from the bottom surface to the top surface of the coating composition. Either the substrate is moved with respect to the converging beam, or the converging beam is moved with respect to the substrate along a linear path. Either the moving is done at a gradually increasing or gradually decreasing velocity or one gradually increases or decreases the intensity of the beam of laser light along the substrate. After developing and removing the non-polyrnerized portion of the coating composition, a tapered waveguide is fornnd on the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to lithographically formed, tapered waveguides connectable to optical fibers. A tapered waveguide is formed by imagewise exposing and developing a lithographic composition on a substrate. Exposure is conducted by a converging beam of laser light which has a greater intensity a the bottom surface of the coating composition, a lesser intensity at the top surface, and a gradually decreasing intensity from the bottom surface to the top surface of the coating composition. Either the substrate is moved with respect to the converging beam, or the converging beam is moved with respect to the substrate along a linear path. Either the moving is done at a gradually increasing or gradually decreasing velocity or one gradually increases or decreases the intensity of the beam of laser light along the substrate. After developing and removing the non-polymerized portion of the coating composition, a tapered waveguide is formed on the substrate. The tapered waveguide may be attached to an optical fiber.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel class of halofluorinated acrylates and more particularly to chlorofluorinated or bromofluorinated acrylates characterized by a chlorofluorinated or bromofluorinated alkylene moiety with acrylate functions at both terminals. These chlorofluorinated acrylates may be photocured in the presence of a photoinitiator into transparent polymers useful as optical waveguiding materials.

Abstract: The invention provides organic optical waveguide devices which are lithographically formed and employ polymeric materials having low optical loss, good long term and short term stability, good flexibility and reduced stress or crack induced scattering loss. An optical element has a substrate; a patterned, light transmissive core composition on the surface of the substrate; and a light reflecting cladding composition on the pattern of the core. The core composition has a glass transition temperature of about 80° C. or less and the cladding composition has a glass transition temperature of about 60° C. or less.

Abstract: The invention provides organic optical waveguide devices which are lithographically formed and employ polymeric materials having low optical loss, good long term and short term stability, good flexibility and reduced stress or crack induced scattering loss. An optical element has a substrate; a patterned, light transmissive core composition on the surface of the substrate; and a light reflecting cladding composition on the pattern of the core. The core composition has a glass transition temperature of about 80° C. or less and the cladding composition has a glass transition temperature of about 60° C. or less.

Abstract: The invention provides organic optical waveguide devices which are lithographically formed and employ polymeric materials having low optical loss, good long term and short term stability, good flexibility and reduced stress or crack induced scattering loss. An optical element has a substrate; a patterned, light transmissive core composition on the surface of the substrate; and a light reflecting cladding composition on the pattern of the core. The core composition has a glass transition temperature of about 80° C. or less and the cladding composition has a glass transition temperature of about 60° C. or less.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel class of halofluorinated acrylates and more particularly to chlorofluorinated or bromofluorinated acrylates characterized by a chlorofluorinated or bromofluorinated alkylene moiety with acrylate functions at both terminals. These chlorofluorinated acrylates may be photocured in the presence of a photoinitiator into transparent polymers useful as optical waveguiding materials.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel class of halofluorinated acrylates and more particularly to chlorofluorinated or bromofluorinated acrylates characterized by a chlorofluorinated or bromofluorinated alkylene moiety with acrylate functions at both terminals. These chlorofluorinated acrylates may be photocured in the presence of a photoinitiator into transparent polymers useful as optical waveguiding materials.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel class of halofluorinated acrylates and more particularly to chlorofluorinated or bromofluorinated acrylates characterized by a chlorofluorinated or bromofluorinated alkylene moiety with acrylate functions at both terminals. These chlorofluorinated acrylates may be photocured in the presence of a photoinitiator into transparent polymers useful as optical waveguiding materials.

Abstract: High density built-up multilayer printed circuit boards are produced by constructing microvias with photoimageable dielectric materials. A photosensitive dielectric composition on a conductive foil is laminated to conductive lines on a core. After imaging the foil and imaging and curing the photosensitive dielectric composition, vias are formed to the conductive lines. Thereafter the conductive lines are connected through the vias to the conductive foil, and then the conductive foil is patterned.

Abstract: Halofluorinated alkylene monomers are made by a method comprising the steps of: (a) subjecting a first polymer which is the reaction product of a fluorinated vinyl monomer and a vinyl comonomer to dehydrohalogenation to form a second polymer; (b) treating the second polymer with an oxidizing agent to form an oxidation product consisting of a .alpha., .omega.-dicarboxylic acid or an ester derivative thereof; and (c) treating said oxidation product with a reducing agent to form a reduction product consisting of a a .alpha., .omega.-diol. Preferably, the first polymer has a structure of --[CH.sub.2 CYZ(CF.sub.2 CFX).sub.n ].sub.m -- wherein X and Y=F, Cl or Br; X and Y may be the same or different; Z=H, F, Cl, Br, alkyl or perfluoroalkyl containing from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms; n=an integer larger than about 1; and m is an integer between about 2 and about 10.sup.5. The .alpha., .omega.-dicarboxylic acids and .alpha., .omega.-diols produced herein can be directly used as polycondensation monomers.

Abstract: The invention provides improved high contrast, photopolymerizable compositions suitable for producing high contrast waveguides. The high contrast, photopolymerizable compositions of this invention include a nitrone compound component. The photosensitive composition is an admixture of a free radical polymerizable acrylate or methacrylate component having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups, a photoinitiator, and a nitrone compound.

Abstract: The invention provides a low stress optical waveguide assembly wherein one or more waveguide cores have a conformal cladding in register the waveguide core. The core and cladding are preferably lithographically formed on a substrate. A connector assembly provides for the precision interconnection of mating arrays of parallel optical waveguides. The connector assembly has a base with several parallel channel walls cut along a surface of the base. A waveguide assembly is positioned on the base. The waveguide assembly comprises a substrate and one or more transparent, polymeric waveguides on and raised from a surface of the substrate. A conformal cladding is in register with the waveguide core. Such conformal cladding contributes to a reduction in waveguide stress. The waveguide assembly is positioned on the base such that each of the waveguides is set in one of the channels and contacts the walls of the channel. A cover plate holds the waveguide assembly on the base.

Abstract: A direct view display including a light generating means for generating light, a modulating means for modulating light from said light generating means to form an image, and an image display means for displaying said image from said modulating means positioned adjacent to the light output surface of said modulating means, said display means comprising an array of tapered optical waveguides on a planar substrate the tapered end of each of said waveguides extending outward from said substrate and having a light input surface adjacent said substrate and a light output surface distal from said light input surface.

Abstract: Solid bodies having a reflective surface are provided with an anti-reflection coating of a terpolymer composition derived from (a) perfluoroalkylalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, (b) acrylic, methacrylic or itaconic acid, and (c) hydroxyl- containing acrylate or methacrylate.

Abstract: Solid bodies having a reflective surface are provided with an anti-reflection coating of a fluoropolymer blends of (1) a terpolymer composition derived from (a) perfluoroalkylalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, (b) acrylic, methacrylic or itaconic acid, and (c) hydroxyl-containing acrylate or methacrylate; and (2) an amorphous fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A new class of sulfonated 2-(2'-hydroxyaryl)-2H-benzotriazole compounds and method for using them and other sulfonated hydroxyaryl benzotriazoles on nylon fibers to improve stain resistance and dye lightfastness has been discovered. A process is provided for improving stain resistance of nylon fibers by treatment with sulfonated aromatic-formaldehyde condensate and fluorinated dry soil resist agents.

Abstract: Azo-type optically active compounds and polymers are provided based on compounds of the general structure[substituted aryl]--N.dbd.N--[substituted aryl]wherein aryl substituents are introduced which hinder or prohibit rotation around the single bonds of the --N.dbd.-- central moiety (as well as around certain other single bonds), to provide "planarized" structures having improved optically active properties, especially electro-optically active properties. These compounds and polymers find use in optically active waveguides.

Abstract: Photosensitizers containing saturated and unsaturated polycyclic compounds containing the cyclopentane-2-diazo-1,3-dione structural unit.These compounds have their maximum u.v. absorption at around 248 nm, decompose into polar products upon irradiation, and can be used as photosensitizers in positive deep u.v. or excimer laser (248 nm) lithography. They are most preferably useful with deep u.v. transparent resins for forming photoresists.

Abstract: Solid bodies having a reflective surface are provided with an anti-reflection coating of a terpolymer composition derived from (a) perfluoroalkylalkyl acrylate or methacrylate, (b) acrylic, methacrylic or itaconic acid, and (c) hydroxyl- containing acrylate or methacrylate.