Abstract: A fiber sub-system is provided. The fiber sub-system comprises a fiber optic transmission module, one or more contact boards adapted to couple to shelf interface connectors, and a midplane adapted to couple with the one or more contact boards and the fiber optic transmission module enabling communication between the one or more contact boards and the fiber optic transmission module without requiring modifications to the fiber optic transmission module. The fiber sub-system also comprises a shell for encapsulating the fiber optic transmission module, the one or more contact boards, and the midplane.

Abstract: A network interface device is provided. The network interface device comprises an enclosure having a first portion coupled to a second portion wherein the first portion and second portion have cavities. The network interface device further comprises a removable case having a plate and a base wherein the plate is adapted to be coupled to the base, wherein the case is adapted to be removably disposed in the cavity of the second portion of the enclosure. A network interface circuit is disposed in the case, the network interface circuit is adapted to provide communication to and from a network and to and from at least one customer premise equipment.

Abstract: Methods and systems of monitoring voltage input to network elements are provided. One method includes receiving an input voltage for a line-powered network element, applying the input voltage across a primary winding of a flyback power converter during an on-time of a primary switch, and transferring the input voltage from the primary winding to a secondary winding of the flyback power converter during an off-time of the primary switch. The method further includes sensing the voltage of the secondary winding during the on-time of the primary switch; and drawing minimal current from the flyback power converter.

Abstract: A memory cell including a storage element having a first structure with a plurality of layers, selected layers having magnetization vectors associated therewith, the first structure exhibiting giant magnetoresistance, wherein the storage element has a closed flux structure in at least one dimension, and wherein the magnetization vectors are confined to the at least one dimension during all stages of operation of the storage element. The memory cell includes a means for reading information from and writing information to the first structure and a selection conductor for applying one or more selection signals to the storage element to enable reading from and writing to the first structure. In one embodiment, the reading and writing means includes a read conductor electrically coupled to the first structure, and a write conductor electrically isolated from the read conductor and the first structure.