Abstract: An intracranial pressure measurement device has a first plate abutting a patient's dura mater and displaced from a second plate abutting an endocranial surface of the patient's skull. The displacement of the first plate and second plate during elevated intracranial pressures are indicated visually on the device and visible through, e.g., X-ray imaging. This allows the intracranial pressure to be correlated to the mechanical displacement of the first plate from the second plate.

Abstract: Improved localization of the stimulation of voltage-gated ion channels in ion-channel activation is obtained through the use of nullifying pulses in the vicinity of tissue where stimulation is not desired coordinated with the activating pulse. Non activation by the nullifying pulse is managed variously by control of the timing, voltage, or frequency content of this pulse and/or feedback control.

Abstract: A probe useful for introducing therapeutic materials between the neural sheath and contained neurovascular tissue provides a near field imaging device permitting final positioning of the probe to be conducted with submillimeter accuracy and a vacuum channel allowing the probe to be attached to the neural sheath to withdraw it and provide a defect through which therapeutic agents can be introduced.

Abstract: An intracranial pressure measurement device has a first plate abutting a patient's dura mater and displaced from a second plate abutting an endocranial surface of the patient's skull. The displacement of the first plate and second plate during elevated intracranial pressures are indicated visually on the device and visible through, e.g., X-ray imaging. This allows the intracranial pressure to be correlated to the mechanical displacement of the first plate from the second plate.

Abstract: The ability to more precisely locate a region of spinal stimulation through tracking of evoked signals at multiple displaced electrodes allows improved display, and adjustment of the stimulation location and/or power. Stimulation location uncertainty can be reduced by information extracted from different arrival times at the displaced electrodes instead of estimated based on the physical location of the stimulation electrode. The deduced determination of regions of spinal stimulation for different signals allows for the rejection of non-neural signals.

Abstract: An intracranial pressure measurement device has a first plate abutting a patient's dura mater and displaced from a second plate abutting an endocranial surface of the patient's skull. The displacement of the first plate and second plate during elevated intracranial pressures are indicated visually on the device and visible through, e.g., X-ray imaging. This allows the intracranial pressure to be correlated to the mechanical displacement of the first plate from the second plate.