Abstract: Strain information may define strain of a material to stress. The strain of the material may be decomposed into classical strain, hysteretic strain, and residual strain. The classical strain, the hysteretic strain, and the residual strain may be used to facilitate modeling of the material. For example, the classical strain, the hysteretic strain, and the residual strain of a rock may be used to facilitate modeling of a subsurface region that includes the rock such as a reservoir simulation to predict hydrocarbon recovery.

Abstract: Structure information for a substance within a volume may be obtained. The structure information may characterize structural non-linearity of the substance within the volume. A structure model for the substance within the volume may be generated based on the structure information and/or other information. The structure model may simulate one or more characteristics of the substance within the volume. Presentation of information on the characteristic(s) of the substance within the volume may be effectuated based on the structure model and/or other information.

Abstract: Structure information for a substance within a volume may be obtained. The structure information may characterize structural non-linearity of the substance within the volume. A structure model for the substance within the volume may be generated based on the structure information and/or other information. The structure model may simulate one or more characteristics of the substance within the volume. Presentation of information on the characteristic(s) of the substance within the volume may be effectuated based on the structure model and/or other information.

Abstract: Strain information may define strain of a material to stress. The strain of the material may be decomposed into classical strain, hysteretic strain, and residual strain. The classical strain, the hysteretic strain, and the residual strain may be used to facilitate modeling of the material. For example, the classical strain, the hysteretic strain, and the residual strain of a rock may be used to facilitate modeling of a subsurface region that includes the rock such as a reservoir simulation to predict hydrocarbon recovery.

Abstract: A pulsed sinusoidal acoustic signal transmitted through a subsurface volume of a wellbore may be detected. A time-reversed acoustic signal of the pulsed sinusoidal acoustic signal may be transmitted through the subsurface volume of the wellbore. Transmission of the time-reversed acoustic signal through the subsurface volume of the wellbore may result in generation of focused acoustic signal in the subsurface volume of the wellbore. The focused acoustic signal in the subsurface volume of the wellbore may be detected, and the integrity of the wellbore may be determined based on the focused acoustic signal in the subsurface volume of the wellbore.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) and methods for measurement of pore pressure in rock formations through a metal borehole casing (32) after a well is cased and cemented, are described. Such measurements may be accomplished by using the Dynamic Acoustic Elasticity (DAE) method for characterizing nonlinear parameters by perturbing a selected rock formation region with a High Amplitude, Low Frequency (HALF) acoustic strain wave, and probing this region using a Low Amplitude, High Frequency (LAHF) acoustic wave (18), (22). Time reversal techniques (36) may be employed for focusing acoustic energy into the formation in the vicinity of the pipe or open hole. The change in wave speed of the probe pulses as the HALF induced strain wave oscillation propagates through the formation, as a function of the induced strain, may be used to determine the nonlinear elastic parameters ?, ?, ?, and A of the pore pressure, from which the pore pressure may be determined in the region of the HALF wave.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for measurement of pore pressure in rock formations through an open, or cemented and/or cased, borehole are described. Such measurements are achieved using the Dynamic Acoustic Elasticity (DAE) method for characterizing nonlinear parameters by perturbing a selected rock formation volume with a High Amplitude, Low Frequency (HALF) acoustic strain wave, and probing this volume using a Low Amplitude, High Frequency (LAHF) acoustic wave. Time reversal techniques may be employed for focusing acoustic energy Into the formation in the vicinity of the pipe or open hole.

Abstract: A pulsed sinusoidal acoustic signal transmitted through a subsurface volume of a wellbore may be detected. A time-reversed acoustic signal of the pulsed sinusoidal acoustic signal may be transmitted through the subsurface volume of the wellbore. Transmission of the time-reversed acoustic signal through the subsurface volume of the wellbore may result in generation of focused acoustic signal in the subsurface volume of the wellbore. The focused acoustic signal in the subsurface volume of the wellbore may be detected, and the integrity of the wellbore may be determined based on the focused acoustic signal in the subsurface volume of the wellbore.

Abstract: A welding-type control system including configurable hardware, a hardware configuration memory device that configures the configurable hardware when loaded with configuration data, a processor, an input portal via which the processor can receive a file with the configuration data, and a memory with instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to transfer the configuration data in the file to the memory device. A controlled system including such a welding-type control system includes a welding system, a cladding system or a plasma cutting system.

Abstract: A method of monitoring an exhaust gas sensor coupled in an engine exhaust in an engine is provided. The method includes adjusting engine operation responsive to exhaust gas sensor degradation, the degradation identified during deceleration fuel shut-off (DFSO) and compensated based on whether vapor purge operation is occurring in the engine during DFSO.

Abstract: An inverter controller comprising a current regulator unit, a voltage regulator unit coupled to the current regulator unit, an inverter unit coupled to the voltage regulator unit, and a drive unit controlled by the inverter unit.

Abstract: A method of monitoring an exhaust gas sensor coupled in an engine exhaust in an engine is provided. The method includes adjusting engine operation responsive to exhaust gas sensor degradation, the degradation identified during deceleration fuel shut-off (DFSO) and compensated based on whether vapor purge operation is occurring in the engine during DFSO.

Abstract: An inverter controller comprising a current regulator unit, a voltage regulator unit coupled to the current regulator unit, an inverter unit coupled to the voltage regulator unit, and a drive unit controlled by the inverter unit.

Abstract: A method of creating a finalized invoice by creating a preliminary invoice showing activities accomplished, submitting the preliminary invoice to an automated rules engine, searching the preliminary invoice for keywords that define possible violations of a company's litigation billing guidelines, highlighting any invoice task that contains identified keywords that would define a possible violation of a company's litigation billing guidelines, querying a user to accept changes based upon identified keywords, and modifying the preliminary invoice into the finalized invoice after accepting the changes. Using the searchable database to create reports that provide average rates charged by law firms on specific types of legal matters in all geographic areas, reports to evaluate which tasks are not being fully compensated by a specific company or legal auditing system, reports to evaluate the average cost to defend specific types of cases in specific jurisdictions.

Abstract: A method of creating a finalized invoice, having steps of creating a preliminary invoice, the invoice including individual tasks for activities accomplished, submitting the preliminary invoice to an automated rules engine, searching the preliminary invoice for keywords that define possible violations of a company's litigation billing guidelines, highlighting any invoice task that contains identified keywords that would define a possible violation of a company's litigation billing guidelines, querying a user to accept changes to an invoice task based upon the identified keywords, and modifying the preliminary invoice into the finalized invoice after the accepted changes have been conducted after the querying of the user.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flexible noncontact source of wave energy through the use of time reversal. In the preferred embodiment a differential laser vibrometer is employed to measure the vibration of a sample surface. Thus, the time reversal noncontact source can be configured to provide an out of plane vibration source or an in plane vibration source, or any combination of the two.

Abstract: A method of creating a finalized invoice, having steps of creating a preliminary invoice, the invoice including individual tasks for activities accomplished, submitting the preliminary invoice to an automated rules engine, searching the preliminary invoice for keywords that define possible violations of a company's litigation billing guidelines, highlighting any invoice task that contains identified keywords that would define a possible violation of a company's litigation billing guidelines, querying a user to accept changes to an invoice task based upon the identified keywords, and modifying the preliminary invoice into the finalized invoice after the accepted changes have been conducted after the querying of the user.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a remote control that uses a welding circuit to transfer control information to a welding power source. The information to be communicated to the power source includes welding power source output command information (amperage/voltage control), welding circuit on/off information (power source output contactor control), and power source mode control (constant voltage/constant current). The control information may be transmitted in a serial communication and/or encoded using frequency and or voltage coding. The control information may be transmitted during dedicated transmission intervals or as an offset to an open circuit voltage between the power source and wire feeder.

Abstract: A welding-type device has a wireless communication unit to transmit wireless signals comprising at least identification information or location information. The information may be transmitted either automatically or in response to request signals. Such a welding-type device may be configured to communicate with other welding-type devices, a monitoring device, or both. A wireless communication system has at least one welding-type device, at least one wireless communication assembly, and at least one monitoring device and is capable of assisting a user in locating particular welding-type devices, monitoring inventory, preventing theft of welding-type devices, and scheduling preventive maintenance.

Abstract: A welding-type device has wireless communications to transmit wireless signals comprising at least identification information or location information. The information may be transmitted either automatically or in response to request signals. Such a welding-type device may be configured to communicate with other welding-type devices, a monitoring device, or both. A wireless communication system has at least one welding-type device, at least one wireless communication assembly, and at least one monitoring device and is capable of assisting a user in locating particular welding-type devices, preventing theft of welding-type devices, and scheduling preventive maintenance.