Abstract: A multi-protocol label switching system using multiple cores. In establishing a virtual private network in a MPLS system, more than one core is available. Paths are established over each core separately and weights are assigned to the two routes. Thus, the route which is preferred by manually configuring in advance will be chosen.

Abstract: A method for forming a communications network using routers. The first step is analyzing a router location to determine if the router location is VPN resource constrained or interface-constrained. The VPN resource constrained router network comprises at least at least two groups of routers and the same number of customer groups. The next step is connecting the first group of customers and routers, and the second group of customers and routers, using a round robin connectivity methodology and saving information in each router's database. The interface-constrained router network, comprises no more routers than the value [Q*], wherein [Q*] represents the number of routers that can be used by a group of customers so that VPN resources will not be exhausted faster than interface resources for the group of routers, then connecting customers to the group of routers using a round robin connectivity methodology and saving information in each router's database.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for implementing a route reflector topology that comprises a plurality of sets of route reflectors. Each set of route reflectors establishes a peering relationship with all PEs (Provider Edges), e.g., Provider Edge Routers in the network. In one embodiment, each PER designates one set of route reflectors to propagate said PE's private routes, e.g., VPNv4 routes, to other PEs in the network. This designated set of route reflectors is responsible for both advertising locally originated routes from this PE to all other PEs and advertisement of routes from other PEs to this PE. Using this unique route reflector topology, new sets of route reflectors and PEs can be easily added into the network seamlessly.

Abstract: A multi-protocol label switching system using multiple cores. In establishing a virtual private network in a MPLS system, more than one core is available. Paths are established over each core separately and weights are assigned to the two routes. Thus, the route which is preferred by manually configuring in advance will be chosen.